Ch. 1: Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health Flashcards
What is the most important factor when it comes to why we eat what we eat?
Flavor, texture, and appearance
How can parents create a strong foundation for their children in getting them to eat healthy food?
By exposing them to healthy food in early childhood.
Why are potatoes and tomatoes the most commonly paid for vegetable in America?
Because of the popularity of French fries and pizza.
________ ________ influences the onset of eating disorders.
Mass media
What does the law require chain restaruants to do?
To supply nutrition information for their foods upon request
What tends to be the number two reason why people eat what they do?
Cost and economics
Which class of Americans tend to pay the most attention to good nutrition?
Middle-class
How does hunger differ from appetite?
Hunger is the biological drive/need to eat, while appetite is the psychological drive to eat, which is more influenced by environmental factors.
Fulfilling both our hunger and appetite brings us into a state of _________.
Satiety
The feeding center and satiety center are in a region of the brain called the __________.
Hypothalamus
The feeding center and satiety center in the brain works kind of like a ___________.
Tug-of-war
Memories of pleasant taste and feelings reinforce __________.
Appetite
When food is abundant, which mechanism tends to drive more eating: hunger or appetite?
Appetite
Food consumption is a mix of __________ and __________ influences.
Biological and social
What is nutrition?
The science that links food to health.
What does food provide to the body, unlike nutrients?
It provides the energy (calories) as well as the compounds needed to build and maintain all body cells.
What are nutrients?
Substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life.
What is needed for a substance to be considered an “essential nutrient?”
It has to have a biological function. Without it, biological function can decline.
Why is it important to study nutrition?
Because it will help you make informed decisions about the foods you eat and their relationship to your health.
A healthy eating pattern is defined as one with a high proportion of __________
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, proteins, and dairy
What are the three leading causes of death in which the dietary pattern plays a part?
Heart disease, cancer, and stroke
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts, unlike micronutrients.
What are the two kinds of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates
What do carbohydrates do?
They help satisfy the calorie needs of our body cells
What is the difference between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates?
Simple sugars combine to make complex carbohydrates.
What happens when the body doesn’t get enough carbohydrates?
It is forced to make glucose from proteins, which isn’t healthy.
What do lipids (fats and oils) do?
They provide energy and are the main form for energy storage in the body.
What are essential fatty acids and why are they important?
They’re key fats that the body cannot produce; they help regulate blood pressure and help repair vital cell parts.
What do proteins do?
They serve as the main strutural material for the body.
What happens with excess protein that our body doesn’t need?
It is converted to and stored as fat
What do vitamins do?
They help enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body
Vitamins are divided into two groups: _________ and __________
Fat-soluable and water-soluable
What are minerals?
Structural simple, inorganic substances that do not contain carbon atoms
What do minerals help with?
Various cellular processes, such as nervous system functioning, water balance, etc.
Minerals are divided into two groups. What are they?
Major minerals and trace minerals
What does water do for the body?
It helps transport nutrients and waste and helps regulate temperature
What are phytochemicals?
Chemicals that are not essential nutrients, but provide significant health benefits
On a daily basis, we consume _ pound(s) of protein, fat, and carbohydrates combined.
1
________ determines how each cell uses the essential nutrients to perform body functions.
DNA
What is a calorie?
The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
What is a Calorie?
The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1,000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius
What are the seven steps of the scientific method?
Observation, Hypothesis, review literature, experimentation, draw conclusions, report findings, and conduct more research to confirm
What is a systematic review?
A thorough analysis of the results of all available studies in a particular area
What is a randomized control trial?
A type of study where an experimental group is compared to a control group.
What is a cohort study?
Observational studies that look at large groups of people and examine their exposure to certain risk factors for disease
What is a case-control study?
A type of study where one studies an individual with a certain condition to someone who doesn’t have it.
Surveys indicate that we could improve our eating patterns by increasing which types of food sources?
Fruits and vegetables
The consumption of which types of foods should be reduced to attain and maintain good health?
“Junk” foods
What are two benefits seen in alcohol consumption?
Decreased risk of cancer and enhanced brain function
What are two consequences seen in alcohol consumption?
Contributes to weight gain and damages the liver
What is the CAGE questionaire?
A questionaire used to identify alcohol use disorders
The dietary guidelines recommend that which groups refrain from alcohol consumption?
People who are underage, people with certain health conditions, and women who are pregnant
