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Nutrition Concepts > Ch. 1: Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health > Flashcards

Ch. 1: Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important factor when it comes to why we eat what we eat?

A

Flavor, texture, and appearance

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2
Q

How can parents create a strong foundation for their children in getting them to eat healthy food?

A

By exposing them to healthy food in early childhood.

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3
Q

Why are potatoes and tomatoes the most commonly paid for vegetable in America?

A

Because of the popularity of French fries and pizza.

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4
Q

________ ________ influences the onset of eating disorders.

A

Mass media

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5
Q

What does the law require chain restaruants to do?

A

To supply nutrition information for their foods upon request

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6
Q

What tends to be the number two reason why people eat what they do?

A

Cost and economics

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7
Q

Which class of Americans tend to pay the most attention to good nutrition?

A

Middle-class

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8
Q

How does hunger differ from appetite?

A

Hunger is the biological drive/need to eat, while appetite is the psychological drive to eat, which is more influenced by environmental factors.

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9
Q

Fulfilling both our hunger and appetite brings us into a state of _________.

A

Satiety

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10
Q

The feeding center and satiety center are in a region of the brain called the __________.

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

The feeding center and satiety center in the brain works kind of like a ___________.

A

Tug-of-war

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12
Q

Memories of pleasant taste and feelings reinforce __________.

A

Appetite

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13
Q

When food is abundant, which mechanism tends to drive more eating: hunger or appetite?

A

Appetite

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14
Q

Food consumption is a mix of __________ and __________ influences.

A

Biological and social

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15
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The science that links food to health.

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16
Q

What does food provide to the body, unlike nutrients?

A

It provides the energy (calories) as well as the compounds needed to build and maintain all body cells.

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17
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life.

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18
Q

What is needed for a substance to be considered an “essential nutrient?”

A

It has to have a biological function. Without it, biological function can decline.

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19
Q

Why is it important to study nutrition?

A

Because it will help you make informed decisions about the foods you eat and their relationship to your health.

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20
Q

A healthy eating pattern is defined as one with a high proportion of __________

A

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, proteins, and dairy

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21
Q

What are the three leading causes of death in which the dietary pattern plays a part?

A

Heart disease, cancer, and stroke

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22
Q

What are the six classes of nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

23
Q

What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

A

Macronutrients are needed in large amounts, unlike micronutrients.

24
Q

What are the two kinds of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

25
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

They help satisfy the calorie needs of our body cells

26
Q

What is the difference between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars combine to make complex carbohydrates.

27
Q

What happens when the body doesn’t get enough carbohydrates?

A

It is forced to make glucose from proteins, which isn’t healthy.

28
Q

What do lipids (fats and oils) do?

A

They provide energy and are the main form for energy storage in the body.

29
Q

What are essential fatty acids and why are they important?

A

They’re key fats that the body cannot produce; they help regulate blood pressure and help repair vital cell parts.

30
Q

What do proteins do?

A

They serve as the main strutural material for the body.

31
Q

What happens with excess protein that our body doesn’t need?

A

It is converted to and stored as fat

32
Q

What do vitamins do?

A

They help enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body

33
Q

Vitamins are divided into two groups: _________ and __________

A

Fat-soluable and water-soluable

34
Q

What are minerals?

A

Structural simple, inorganic substances that do not contain carbon atoms

35
Q

What do minerals help with?

A

Various cellular processes, such as nervous system functioning, water balance, etc.

36
Q

Minerals are divided into two groups. What are they?

A

Major minerals and trace minerals

37
Q

What does water do for the body?

A

It helps transport nutrients and waste and helps regulate temperature

38
Q

What are phytochemicals?

A

Chemicals that are not essential nutrients, but provide significant health benefits

39
Q

On a daily basis, we consume _ pound(s) of protein, fat, and carbohydrates combined.

A

1

40
Q

________ determines how each cell uses the essential nutrients to perform body functions.

A

DNA

41
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

42
Q

What is a Calorie?

A

The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1,000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius

43
Q

What are the seven steps of the scientific method?

A

Observation, Hypothesis, review literature, experimentation, draw conclusions, report findings, and conduct more research to confirm

44
Q

What is a systematic review?

A

A thorough analysis of the results of all available studies in a particular area

45
Q

What is a randomized control trial?

A

A type of study where an experimental group is compared to a control group.

46
Q

What is a cohort study?

A

Observational studies that look at large groups of people and examine their exposure to certain risk factors for disease

47
Q

What is a case-control study?

A

A type of study where one studies an individual with a certain condition to someone who doesn’t have it.

48
Q

Surveys indicate that we could improve our eating patterns by increasing which types of food sources?

A

Fruits and vegetables

49
Q

The consumption of which types of foods should be reduced to attain and maintain good health?

A

“Junk” foods

50
Q

What are two benefits seen in alcohol consumption?

A

Decreased risk of cancer and enhanced brain function

51
Q

What are two consequences seen in alcohol consumption?

A

Contributes to weight gain and damages the liver

52
Q

What is the CAGE questionaire?

A

A questionaire used to identify alcohol use disorders

53
Q

The dietary guidelines recommend that which groups refrain from alcohol consumption?

A

People who are underage, people with certain health conditions, and women who are pregnant

Nutrition Concepts (15 decks)

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