Water Flashcards
What type of bonds form between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
Covalent bonds
What type of bonds form between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
What name is given to water due to its ability to dissolve other charged particles?
The universal solvent
What type of reaction requires water to break a covalent bond?
Hydrolysis
In what type of reaction is water formed?
Condensation
Water requires a lot of heat energy to evaporate. What property is this?
High latent heat of vaporisation
Water requires a lot of heat energy to raise the temperature. What property is this?
High specific heat capacity
What name is given to a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge?
Polar molecule
Water molecules interact with each other. What property is this?
Cohesion
Water molecules interact with other charged particles. What property is this?
Adhesion
Is the oxygen atom slightly negative or positive?
Slightly negative
Are the hydrogen atoms slightly negative or positive?
Slightly positive
What is electronegativity?
The measure of an atoms pull on a bonded pair of electrons
What type of bond is stronger - covalent or hydrogen?
Covalent (~10x stronger)
Benefits of surface tension
Provides habitats for organisms e.g pond skaters
Benefits of cohesion and adhesion (plants)
Water can move through xylem vessels by cohesion and adhesion
What can water dissolve?
- Charged ionic molecules such as salt (NaCl)
- Other polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules (contains OH groups)
Water is a metabolite - name the two types of metabolic reactions it’s involved in
Condensation - water produces
Hydrolysis - water used
How is water used as a transport medium in plants and animals?
Plants - xylem transports water and dissolved minerals. Phloem transports water and dissolved sucrose and amino acids.
Animals - plasma transports dissolved substances eg. sugars, salts, urea, ions
Benefits of high specific heat capacity
Buffers changes in temperature - thermostable
Benefits of transparency
Light penetrates water allowing aquatic plants/algae to photosynthesise
Benefits of low ice density
Water freezes from top down, insulating water below, preventing it from freezing - allows sustained life below
