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A Level Biology > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of bonds form between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

A

Covalent bonds

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2
Q

What type of bonds form between water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

What name is given to water due to its ability to dissolve other charged particles?

A

The universal solvent

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4
Q

What type of reaction requires water to break a covalent bond?

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

In what type of reaction is water formed?

A

Condensation

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6
Q

Water requires a lot of heat energy to evaporate. What property is this?

A

High latent heat of vaporisation

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7
Q

Water requires a lot of heat energy to raise the temperature. What property is this?

A

High specific heat capacity

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8
Q

What name is given to a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge?

A

Polar molecule

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9
Q

Water molecules interact with each other. What property is this?

A

Cohesion

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10
Q

Water molecules interact with other charged particles. What property is this?

A

Adhesion

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11
Q

Is the oxygen atom slightly negative or positive?

A

Slightly negative

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12
Q

Are the hydrogen atoms slightly negative or positive?

A

Slightly positive

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13
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The measure of an atoms pull on a bonded pair of electrons

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14
Q

What type of bond is stronger - covalent or hydrogen?

A

Covalent (~10x stronger)

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15
Q

Benefits of surface tension

A

Provides habitats for organisms e.g pond skaters

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16
Q

Benefits of cohesion and adhesion (plants)

A

Water can move through xylem vessels by cohesion and adhesion

17
Q

What can water dissolve?

A
  • Charged ionic molecules such as salt (NaCl)
  • Other polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules (contains OH groups)
18
Q

Water is a metabolite - name the two types of metabolic reactions it’s involved in

A

Condensation - water produces
Hydrolysis - water used

19
Q

How is water used as a transport medium in plants and animals?

A

Plants - xylem transports water and dissolved minerals. Phloem transports water and dissolved sucrose and amino acids.

Animals - plasma transports dissolved substances eg. sugars, salts, urea, ions

20
Q

Benefits of high specific heat capacity

A

Buffers changes in temperature - thermostable

21
Q

Benefits of transparency

A

Light penetrates water allowing aquatic plants/algae to photosynthesise

22
Q

Benefits of low ice density

A

Water freezes from top down, insulating water below, preventing it from freezing - allows sustained life below

A Level Biology (14 decks)

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