Water

Question 1

What type of bonds form between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Answer 1

Covalent bonds

Question 2

What type of bonds form between water molecules?

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What name is given to water due to its ability to dissolve other charged particles?

Answer 3

The universal solvent

Question 4

What type of reaction requires water to break a covalent bond?

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

In what type of reaction is water formed?

Answer 5

Condensation

Question 6

Water requires a lot of heat energy to evaporate. What property is this?

Answer 6

High latent heat of vaporisation

Question 7

Water requires a lot of heat energy to raise the temperature. What property is this?

Answer 7

High specific heat capacity

Question 8

What name is given to a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge?

Answer 8

Polar molecule

Question 9

Water molecules interact with each other. What property is this?

Answer 9

Cohesion

Question 10

Water molecules interact with other charged particles. What property is this?

Answer 10

Adhesion

Question 11

Is the oxygen atom slightly negative or positive?

Answer 11

Slightly negative

Question 12

Are the hydrogen atoms slightly negative or positive?

Answer 12

Slightly positive

Question 13

What is electronegativity?

Answer 13

The measure of an atoms pull on a bonded pair of electrons

Question 14

What type of bond is stronger - covalent or hydrogen?

Answer 14

Covalent (~10x stronger)

Question 15

Benefits of surface tension

Answer 15

Provides habitats for organisms e.g pond skaters

Question 16

Benefits of cohesion and adhesion (plants)

Answer 16

Water can move through xylem vessels by cohesion and adhesion

Question 17

What can water dissolve?

Answer 17

• Charged ionic molecules such as salt (NaCl)
• Other polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules (contains OH groups)

Question 18

Water is a metabolite - name the two types of metabolic reactions it’s involved in

Answer 18

Condensation - water produces
Hydrolysis - water used

Question 19

How is water used as a transport medium in plants and animals?

Answer 19

Plants - xylem transports water and dissolved minerals. Phloem transports water and dissolved sucrose and amino acids.

Animals - plasma transports dissolved substances eg. sugars, salts, urea, ions

Question 20

Benefits of high specific heat capacity

Answer 20

Buffers changes in temperature - thermostable

Question 21

Benefits of transparency

Answer 21

Light penetrates water allowing aquatic plants/algae to photosynthesise

Question 22

Benefits of low ice density

Answer 22

Water freezes from top down, insulating water below, preventing it from freezing - allows sustained life below