Digestive system/digestion

Question 1

Function of the mouth

Answer 1

Food is ingested, teeth physically digest the food

Question 2

Function of the salivary glands

Answer 2

Produce amylase, starting the chemical digestion of starch

Question 3

Function of the oesophagus

Answer 3

Connects mouth to stomach

Question 4

Function of stomach

Answer 4

Muscular bag that churns food, adds acid and pepsin to start protein digestion

Question 5

Function of ileum

Answer 5

Long tube with villi, site of final stages of digestion and absorption of monomers

Question 6

Function of liver

Answer 6

Produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder

Question 7

Function of pancreas

Answer 7

Produces many digestive enzymes, released into the duodenum

Question 8

Function of large intestine

Answer 8

Where water and ions are absorbed

Question 9

Function of rectum

Answer 9

Storage of faeces before being expelled from the anus

Question 10

Define ingestion

Answer 10

Food is taken into the body through the mouth

Question 11

Define digestion

Answer 11

Breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small, simple soluble molecules

Question 12

Define absorption

Answer 12

The small soluble molecules can be absorbed through the lining of the ileum into the blood

Question 13

Define egestion

Answer 13

Any food that can’t be digested is eliminated from the body

Question 14

What is physical/mechanical breakdown?

Answer 14

Large food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing with teeth and churning of stomach muscles

Question 15

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 15

Digestive enzymes hydrolyse large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones which can be absorbed and used

Question 16

What are the three main types of digestive enzyme?

Answer 16

Carbohydrases
Lipases
Proteases/peptidases

Question 17

What do carbohydrases do?

Answer 17

Hydrolysis of carbohydrates into disaccharides then monosaccharides

Question 18

What do lipases do?

Answer 18

Hydrolysis of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

What do proteases/peptidases do?

Answer 19

Hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids

Question 20

What are the three types of proteases?

Answer 20

Endopeptidases
Exopeptidases
Dipeptidases

Question 21

What do endopeptidases do?

Answer 21

Hydrolyse peptide bonds in the middle of the polypeptide to produce shorter polypeptides

Question 22

What do exopeptidases do?

Answer 22

Hydrolyse peptide bonds at the ends of the polypeptide to produce dipeptides or single amino acids

Question 23

What do dipeptidases do?

Answer 23

Hydrolyse any remaining dipeptides into single amino acids

Question 24

What is peristalsis?

Answer 24

Wave-like muscle contractions that moves food along and mix it with the digestive enzymes