Wars (in England and Virginia)

Question 1

Letter to Berkeley from Charles I
9 August 1641

Answer 1

Send out forces for the subduing of the Indians
Make war or peace with them

Question 2

Berkeley 1644

Answer 2

In England, part of Charles’ Royalist camp

Question 3

1644-1646 Virginia

Answer 3

Conflict between Powhatan and English
18 April 1644: Opechancanough killed 400 colonists

Question 4

Construction of forts 1645-1646

Answer 4

Feb 1645: colony built 3 frontier forts (Fort Charles, Fort James, Fort Royal)
March 1646: constructed Fort Henry

Question 5

Attacking the indigenous

Answer 5

Aug 1645: Opechancanough settlement stormed/captured (killed in October 1646)
All males over 11 transported to island off Accomac

Question 6

Alliances with indigenous

Answer 6

Oct 1646: General Assembly signed treaty with new paramount chief Necotowance
Necotowance died 1649
Pamunkey in alliance with colonists

Question 7

Impact of war with indigenous

Answer 7

Border forts used to regulate passage/interactions between natives and colonists
Virginia colony patents available between Blackwater River and York River reaching up to navigable point

Question 8

Charles I executed
30 January 1649

Answer 8

Commonwealth (republic)
Charles II in exile in Netherlands
General Assembly proclaimed loyalty to Crown
10 Oct 1649: General Assembly responded to Commonwealth notification of the change of Government

Question 9

Virginia’s loyalties

Answer 9

30 Oct 1650: Commonwealth passed Act forbidding trade with Antigua, Barbados, Bermuda, Virginia and Newfoundland
1651: Navigation Ordinance
12 March 1652: Parliamentary commissioners arrived (Berkeley submitted, remained at Green Spring as a private citizen)

Question 10

1651 Navigation Ordinance

Answer 10

English goods had to be carried on English ships, captained by English captains and arrived/departing from English ports

Question 11

Charles II called Virginia

Answer 11

The old dominion
For its loyalty to the throne

Question 12

Commonwealth Act prohibiting trade (1650) referred to Virginians acts of rebellion

Answer 12

Seized estates
Banished royalists to the colony

Question 13

Berkeley wrote

Answer 13

An apology for surrendering to Charles II

Question 14

1651-1660

Answer 14

English government left Virginia alone; governed by General Assembly
Developed its own identity

Question 15

Virginian CofE

Answer 15

Semi-autonomous governance
Subject to laws passed by General Assembly
Supervised at parish level by vestries (local parishioners)
Vestry had the authority to choose/refuse minister for its parish
Parishioners scattered on large estates; served by small chapels
Lay control

Question 16

Cavalier culture

Answer 16

Majority of Virginians as royalist
Elite of England, feudal culture

Question 17

Of 118 gentlemen and nobles

Answer 17

30 active in English Civil War

Question 18

Image of cavalier exile in Virginia

Answer 18

Came from 19thC fiction

Question 19

Many books written
e.g John Esten Cooke’s The Virginia Comedians: Or, Old Days in the Old Dominion (1854)

Answer 19

To celebrate cavalier culture

Question 20

Virginia known as

Answer 20

The Cavalier state
University of Virginia uses the Cavalier image as their logo