Wars and revolutions impacts

Question 1

Crimean war: economic

Answer 1

-Highlighted backwarness due to sefdom
-led to emancipation
-cost money to implement military reforms due to embarrassing defeats
-introduced zemstvo in 1864

Question 2

Crimean war: social

Answer 2

-450,000 killed
-led to freeing of 23 million surfs

Question 3

Crimean war: Political

Answer 3

-zemstva formed
-emancipation
-nobility no longer had such a big role in local gov
-newly emancipated peasants and society somewhat closer within the zemstva
-some form of democracy in Russian government.
-changed focus of A2

Question 4

Russo Turkish: economic

Answer 4

-collapse of the rouble
-financial crisis
-trading links suffered
-end of so called free trade scheme

Question 5

Russo turkish: political

Answer 5

no changes

Question 6

Russo Turkish: social

Answer 6

-levels of social unrest due to concessions made by austria hungary and britain at treaty of berlin
which were?

Question 7

Russo Jap: economic

Answer 7

Treaty of portsmouth, russia withdrew from Port Arthur
-humiliating for russia, vastly behind a counrty they thought they would easily defeat

Question 8

Russo Jap: social

Answer 8

Mounting discontent as government shown inferior to japan

Question 9

Russo Jap: political

Answer 9

-led to 1905 revolution
-brought about October Manifesto
-introduced Duma’s
-Minister of interior assasinated

Question 10

WW1: social

Answer 10

-huge loss of life
-1.7 million killed
-social unrest because of food shortages and prices increasing
-Ammunitions crisis

Question 11

WW1: economic

Answer 11

-huge financial burden
-debt huge
-short term managed to find a way, printing more money, investors
-short term inflation rose and so did prices and cost of living
-cost 3 billion roubles for war alone, twice the amount of gov expenditure they get
-prices rose 400% across the period
-food and fuel shortages
-set back economic progress by years

Question 12

WW1: political

Answer 12

-Entire change in ideology, power and control
-hadn’t been seen before in 300 years of romanov dynasty so a HUGE event
-major political change
-military weakness and mounting economic problems gave fuel to critics of the tsar
-war provide the opportunity to overthrow and install their own form of direct rule.
-switch to a socialist dictatorship.

WORLDS FIRST COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT

Question 13

Civil: Political

Answer 13

-bolsheviks didnt have power untill they won civil war
-Showed extent of opposition
-start of tension with west
-More centralized power

Question 14

Civil: Economic

Answer 14

-War communism nationalised buisnessed and requisitioned grain
-completely changed agriculture
-NEP putting small buisnesses back on free market, allowing peasants to sell surplus grain
-Inflation meant ruble was worth 1% of its value in 1917

Question 15

Civil: Social

Answer 15

-population of cities fell by 15% of the 1917 levels
-30g bread per day
-led to 1921 famine
-in which 5 mil died
-21 million deaths overall
-only 50% of land being farmed
-poor hygiene led to death and disease
-fears of foreign enmities taking over to stop spread of communism

Question 16

WW2: Social

Answer 16

-The worst loss, 27 million 2/3 civilians
-6,000 women raped in berlin
-‘whats wrong with having a little fun’
-5 million taken as prisoners of war by Germany
-no social rebellion as they won but nonetheless the impact was huge.
-13,000 deserters shot
-huge famine

Question 17

WW2: Economic

Answer 17

-infrastructure and factories badly damaged due to Shelling
-debt
-lack of investment on consumer goods, to much focus on heavy industry.
-scorched earth policy
-high taxes on private land
-lost of money spent on things that didnt bring in money (Dams)
-factories converted back to original produce, costly and wasted time
-germany occupied 63% of coal production 1941
-70,000 villages destroyed

Question 18

WW2: Political

Answer 18

-stalin became suprme commander of army
-exercised greater control over propoganda and information

Question 19

Cold: Political

Answer 19

-smaller change in ideology
-destalinisation
-lack of faith in leadership, Khrushchev weak due to lack of action
-all about the spread of communism.

Question 20

Cold: social

Answer 20

-living standards decreased
-Soviet empire got bigger, became more diverse
-20 million people came
-Huge rebellions against warsaw pact especially in hungary
-social unrest.

Question 21

Cold: economic

Answer 21

-space race was extremely expensive
-huge financial pressure for nuclear weapons too
-money heavily invested into military, neglecting consumer goods.