Nature of Gov- Tsars

Question 1

Alex II ideology

Answer 1

‘Tsar Liberator’ for emancipation
-autocratic, believed in Romanov Dynasty
-supported by orthadox church

Question 2

what were the fundamental laws?

Answer 2

1832-1906 reasserted tsars absolute power

Question 3

what were the 5 central government institutions 1855-1905?

Answer 3

1. the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty
   2.council of ministers
   3.the imperial council of state
2. the tsar
3. the senate
4. the committee of ministers (1861)

Question 4

what was the role of the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty and what was it replaced with in 1861

Answer 4

3 sections:
-personal secretary
-legal advisors
-secret police
replaced with council of ministers

Question 5

what was the role of the council of ministers and when was it abandoned?

Answer 5

• chaired by tsar
• officials nominated by tsar
  -main aim was to discuss political laws which could immediately be passed
  -abandoned in 1882 and duties shared elsewhere

Question 6

what was the role of the imperial council of state?

Answer 6

-advice to tsar on legal and financial matters
-tsar had no obligation to abide by reccomendations

Question 7

what was the role of the senate?

Answer 7

-acted as a supreme court until 1905
-final court of appeal in major legal matters

Question 8

what was the role of the committee of ministers?

Answer 8

-13 ministers, each part of russian affairs
-minister of interior, minister for war and minister of finance etc
-didnt formulate policies, purley administrative

Question 9

how did structure of gov change under A2?

Answer 9

1864- zemstva
1861- committee of ministers

Question 10

how did structure of gov change under A3

Answer 10

maintained same structure

Question 11

How did structure of gov change under N2

Answer 11

-abandoned council ministers 1882
-1st duma 1906
-2nd duma 1907
-3rd duma 1907-1912
-4th duma 1912-1917
-1906 fundamental laws reinstated power

Question 12

what was a significant reform that followed the duma

Answer 12

political parties allowed

Question 13

what were the two main groups of political party

Answer 13

liberals
revolutionary

Question 14

what did liberals want and give 2 examples

Answer 14

-to reform tsarist system
-octobrists
-kadets (wanted constitutional monarchy)

Question 15

what did revolutionaries want and give 2 examples

Answer 15

-overthrow tsarist system
-Social revolutionaries (workers party)
-social democrats (sole objective of revolution)

Question 16

what did the duma abolish

Answer 16

redemption payments

Question 17

what was the manifesto that started the duma called

Answer 17

october manifesto

Question 18

which political party was most extreme?

Answer 18

social democrats

Question 19

was the duma democratic?

Answer 19

no, tsar still had final say

Question 20

when and what was the third element

Answer 20

-made up of literate elite and previous members of the zemstvo to replace duma and create structure at end of the war

Question 21

how did A2 use police

Answer 21

-inherited third section of imperial chancellory
-replaced with Okhrana in 1880
-power enhanced to counter growth
-15,000 exiled to siberia

Question 22

how did A3 use police

Answer 22

used okhrana for spying on, arresting or imprisoning opposition
-1881 immediately arrested 150 members of peoples will

Question 23

how did N2 use police

Answer 23

-in 1890s okhrana used les
-was later used to control revolutionist parties
-peak in 1905

Question 24

how did A2 use army

Answer 24

-used for internal law and order issues
-also engaged with the crimean war
-reformed army after War
-training more efficient

Question 25

how did A3 use army

Answer 25

-russification
-which enhanced role in peace, keeping force and regulations of regional frontiers
-excessive force which sometimes caused outrage

Question 26

how did N2 use army

Answer 26

1905-1917 used to dismantle strikes
but troops wanted to join protesters

1905 Bloody sunday- 200 killed

Question 27

how did A2 use censorship

Answer 27

1865 censorship relaxed
-glasnost (openess) for first time
-they still retained the right to withdraw publications
-gov still published newspapers
-increase in circulation of newspapers

Question 28

how did A3 use censorship

Answer 28

reactionary rule
-clamp down on publications
-censored written materials before publishing
-closed down certain newspaper and educational institutions

Question 29

how did N2 use censorship

Answer 29

-went back to glasnot
-1894 expansion of press
-pre publication disappeared
-still fined/ closed down fro subversive material
-political matters in duma started to be printed

Question 30

Alex III ideology

Answer 30

-More controlling over economic and social policies
-Nationalist, Russification
-Reactionary

Question 31

Nicholas II ideology

Answer 31

-More moderate (for a Romanov)
-Still conservative
-Forced to make some changes to apease (1905 constitution, duma)
-asserted autocracy in fundamental laws in 1906

Question 32

Prov Gov ideology

Answer 32

-Planned for democracy and elections
-More liberal
-Based on western values
-Abolished death penalty
-Allowed freedom of speech and worship

Question 33

How did Prov Gov use police

Answer 33

-disbanded Okhrana and released political prisoners

Question 34

Political party opposition A2

Answer 34

-Peoples will killed him on 5th attempt

Question 35

political party opposition A3

Answer 35

-Immediately arrested 150 members peoples will

Question 36

political party opposition N2

Answer 36

-Socialist revolutionaries emerged
-2000 political killings
-duma refused to disband dispite divisions

Question 37

Political party opposition PG

Answer 37

overthrown by SD (Bolsheviks)

Question 38

Workers opposition A3

Answer 38

1885 morozov Dye works strike 8000+ people

Question 39

Workers opposition N2

Answer 39

-1905 bloody sunday, 200 killed by army
-1912 miners strike, 270 killed
-1914 10 hour working day

Question 40

Workers opposition PG

Answer 40

-Putilov Works Strike sparked Revolution

Question 41

Peasant opposition A2

Answer 41

-after emancipation, 100,000 rioting at any time, 200 killed by army in one instance

Question 42

Peasant opposition A3

Answer 42

-Revolt stopped by land captains

Question 43

Peasant opposition N2

Answer 43

-1900-07 riots over redemption payments
-Black earth revolts
-1914 revolts over food prices

Question 44

individual opposition N2

Answer 44

shut down dumas