Nature of Gov- Tsars Flashcards
(44 cards)
Alex II ideology
‘Tsar Liberator’ for emancipation
-autocratic, believed in Romanov Dynasty
-supported by orthadox church
what were the fundamental laws?
1832-1906 reasserted tsars absolute power
what were the 5 central government institutions 1855-1905?
- the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty
2.council of ministers
3.the imperial council of state - the tsar
- the senate
- the committee of ministers (1861)
what was the role of the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty and what was it replaced with in 1861
3 sections:
-personal secretary
-legal advisors
-secret police
replaced with council of ministers
what was the role of the council of ministers and when was it abandoned?
- chaired by tsar
- officials nominated by tsar
-main aim was to discuss political laws which could immediately be passed
-abandoned in 1882 and duties shared elsewhere
what was the role of the imperial council of state?
-advice to tsar on legal and financial matters
-tsar had no obligation to abide by reccomendations
what was the role of the senate?
-acted as a supreme court until 1905
-final court of appeal in major legal matters
what was the role of the committee of ministers?
-13 ministers, each part of russian affairs
-minister of interior, minister for war and minister of finance etc
-didnt formulate policies, purley administrative
how did structure of gov change under A2?
1864- zemstva
1861- committee of ministers
how did structure of gov change under A3
maintained same structure
How did structure of gov change under N2
-abandoned council ministers 1882
-1st duma 1906
-2nd duma 1907
-3rd duma 1907-1912
-4th duma 1912-1917
-1906 fundamental laws reinstated power
what was a significant reform that followed the duma
political parties allowed
what were the two main groups of political party
liberals
revolutionary
what did liberals want and give 2 examples
-to reform tsarist system
-octobrists
-kadets (wanted constitutional monarchy)
what did revolutionaries want and give 2 examples
-overthrow tsarist system
-Social revolutionaries (workers party)
-social democrats (sole objective of revolution)
what did the duma abolish
redemption payments
what was the manifesto that started the duma called
october manifesto
which political party was most extreme?
social democrats
was the duma democratic?
no, tsar still had final say
when and what was the third element
-made up of literate elite and previous members of the zemstvo to replace duma and create structure at end of the war
how did A2 use police
-inherited third section of imperial chancellory
-replaced with Okhrana in 1880
-power enhanced to counter growth
-15,000 exiled to siberia
how did A3 use police
used okhrana for spying on, arresting or imprisoning opposition
-1881 immediately arrested 150 members of peoples will
how did N2 use police
-in 1890s okhrana used les
-was later used to control revolutionist parties
-peak in 1905
how did A2 use army
-used for internal law and order issues
-also engaged with the crimean war
-reformed army after War
-training more efficient
