Nature of Gov- Tsars Flashcards
Alex II ideology
‘Tsar Liberator’ for emancipation
-autocratic, believed in Romanov Dynasty
-supported by orthadox church
what were the fundamental laws?
1832-1906 reasserted tsars absolute power
what were the 5 central government institutions 1855-1905?
- the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty
2.council of ministers
3.the imperial council of state - the tsar
- the senate
- the committee of ministers (1861)
what was the role of the personal chancellery of his imperial majesty and what was it replaced with in 1861
3 sections:
-personal secretary
-legal advisors
-secret police
replaced with council of ministers
what was the role of the council of ministers and when was it abandoned?
- chaired by tsar
- officials nominated by tsar
-main aim was to discuss political laws which could immediately be passed
-abandoned in 1882 and duties shared elsewhere
what was the role of the imperial council of state?
-advice to tsar on legal and financial matters
-tsar had no obligation to abide by reccomendations
what was the role of the senate?
-acted as a supreme court until 1905
-final court of appeal in major legal matters
what was the role of the committee of ministers?
-13 ministers, each part of russian affairs
-minister of interior, minister for war and minister of finance etc
-didnt formulate policies, purley administrative
how did structure of gov change under A2?
1864- zemstva
1861- committee of ministers
how did structure of gov change under A3
maintained same structure
How did structure of gov change under N2
-abandoned council ministers 1882
-1st duma 1906
-2nd duma 1907
-3rd duma 1907-1912
-4th duma 1912-1917
-1906 fundamental laws reinstated power
what was a significant reform that followed the duma
political parties allowed
what were the two main groups of political party
liberals
revolutionary
what did liberals want and give 2 examples
-to reform tsarist system
-octobrists
-kadets (wanted constitutional monarchy)
what did revolutionaries want and give 2 examples
-overthrow tsarist system
-Social revolutionaries (workers party)
-social democrats (sole objective of revolution)
what did the duma abolish
redemption payments
what was the manifesto that started the duma called
october manifesto
which political party was most extreme?
social democrats
was the duma democratic?
no, tsar still had final say
when and what was the third element
-made up of literate elite and previous members of the zemstvo to replace duma and create structure at end of the war
how did A2 use police
-inherited third section of imperial chancellory
-replaced with Okhrana in 1880
-power enhanced to counter growth
-15,000 exiled to siberia
how did A3 use police
used okhrana for spying on, arresting or imprisoning opposition
-1881 immediately arrested 150 members of peoples will
how did N2 use police
-in 1890s okhrana used les
-was later used to control revolutionist parties
-peak in 1905
how did A2 use army
-used for internal law and order issues
-also engaged with the crimean war
-reformed army after War
-training more efficient
how did A3 use army
-russification
-which enhanced role in peace, keeping force and regulations of regional frontiers
-excessive force which sometimes caused outrage
how did N2 use army
1905-1917 used to dismantle strikes
but troops wanted to join protesters
1905 Bloody sunday- 200 killed
how did A2 use censorship
1865 censorship relaxed
-glasnost (openess) for first time
-they still retained the right to withdraw publications
-gov still published newspapers
-increase in circulation of newspapers
how did A3 use censorship
reactionary rule
-clamp down on publications
-censored written materials before publishing
-closed down certain newspaper and educational institutions
how did N2 use censorship
-went back to glasnot
-1894 expansion of press
-pre publication disappeared
-still fined/ closed down fro subversive material
-political matters in duma started to be printed
Alex III ideology
-More controlling over economic and social policies
-Nationalist, Russification
-Reactionary
Nicholas II ideology
-More moderate (for a Romanov)
-Still conservative
-Forced to make some changes to apease (1905 constitution, duma)
-asserted autocracy in fundamental laws in 1906
Prov Gov ideology
-Planned for democracy and elections
-More liberal
-Based on western values
-Abolished death penalty
-Allowed freedom of speech and worship
How did Prov Gov use police
-disbanded Okhrana and released political prisoners
Political party opposition A2
-Peoples will killed him on 5th attempt
political party opposition A3
-Immediately arrested 150 members peoples will
political party opposition N2
-Socialist revolutionaries emerged
-2000 political killings
-duma refused to disband dispite divisions
Political party opposition PG
overthrown by SD (Bolsheviks)
Workers opposition A3
1885 morozov Dye works strike 8000+ people
Workers opposition N2
-1905 bloody sunday, 200 killed by army
-1912 miners strike, 270 killed
-1914 10 hour working day
Workers opposition PG
-Putilov Works Strike sparked Revolution
Peasant opposition A2
-after emancipation, 100,000 rioting at any time, 200 killed by army in one instance
Peasant opposition A3
-Revolt stopped by land captains
Peasant opposition N2
-1900-07 riots over redemption payments
-Black earth revolts
-1914 revolts over food prices
individual opposition N2
shut down dumas
