Nature of Gov- Communists

Question 1

what is marxism?

Answer 1

-written by karl marx
-society should have no social classes
-means of production should be owned
-everyone works as much as they can and recieves what they want

Question 2

Lenins ideology

Answer 2

Dictatorship
-marxism leninism
-adopted communism in april theses
-dictatorship of proletariat
-policies like grain requisitioning under war communism
-like N2, willing to make changes to appease

Question 3

what was marxism leninism?

Answer 3

basis of lenins rule
-tsartist superstructure had to be replaced with bodies to ensure egalitarianism
-all people equal, equal rights and opportunities
-labour theory of value, wanted a gov run by workers

Question 4

what was stalins period of rule?

Answer 4

totalitarianism

Question 5

stalins ideology

Answer 5

-Stalinism
-Collectivisation, by 1939 90% collectivized
-less willing to change due to character
-use of terror
-meglomaniac

Question 6

why was stalins ideology succesful

Answer 6

-enforced through fear
-exploited circumstances, no one allowed to question whether they were appropriate

Question 7

what was stalin

Answer 7

a meglomaniac

Question 8

why was stalin a meglomaniac

Answer 8

he did whatever he needed to maintain absolute control
-created a culture of fear

Question 9

how did lenin think the economy should run?

Answer 9

war communim: wasnt giving workers their full value of labour, food requisitioned, long hours for low pay

NEP: move towards capitalism, so not really marxism

Question 10

how did stalin think the economy should run?

Answer 10

command economy: all controlled by state

5 year plan and collectivisation

Question 11

what was collectivization

Answer 11

state controlled farms on mass scale

Question 12

what were problems with lenins ideology

Answer 12

kept adapting, making divisions in party

moving away from communism with NEP

Question 13

what were problems with stalins ideology?

Answer 13

economic policies hard to implement and unpopular

So different to original marxism

Question 14

what approach did khrushchev take to rule

Answer 14

destalinisation

Question 15

what was destalinisation

Answer 15

steps taken to reform policies of soviet union following stalin

Question 16

key features of destalinisation

Answer 16

-free political prisoners
-relaxed censorship
-destroyed cult personality, statues and pictures removed

Question 17

when was the Bolshevik Gov developed

Answer 17

after october revolution in 1917

Question 18

what was prov gov ideology

Answer 18

manage transition from tsarism

Question 19

structure of prov gov

Answer 19

gov had no mandate and exterted little power

Question 20

who challenged the prov gov

Answer 20

the petrogad soviet, 3,000 delegates challenged the govs authority
-ruled alongside

Question 21

why did prov gov fail to introduce democratic system?

Answer 21

-interferance of petrogad soviet
-inflation and hunger got worse, failed to end food shortages
-peasants started to revolt and take noble land

Question 22

was the Bolshevik gov democratic?

Answer 22

tried to be, ended up being a dictatorship

Question 23

what were the illusions of democracy in bolsh gov

Answer 23

-village soviets could choose representatives
-they then elected members to be provisional soviets

Question 24

reality of bolsh gov

Answer 24

1918, menshviks and sr’s expelled from executive commitee

dominated by Bolsh

russia wasnt far of being ruled as a one party state

Question 25

what was stalins new constitution like

Answer 25

-communist party still dominated
-disagreement and criticism not tolerated

Question 26

how did prov gov use army

Answer 26

-army in WW2 and after
-faced huge casualties

Question 27

how did lenin use army

Answer 27

-150,000 members of petrogad soviet supported 1917 revolution
-Desertion of army during N2 was important for lenin
-Red army faced 500,000 in white army
-red army instrumental to civil war, 5 mil by end

Question 28

how did stalin use army

Answer 28

-Army helped NKVD in great terror and purges
-used to collect grain for collectivization

Question 29

how did khrushchev use army

Answer 29

-focused on resolving international conflicts
-reduction in army
-but cuban missile crisis showed that russia still needed to maintain a military presence
-army reduced from 3.6 mil - 2.4 mil

Question 30

how did Prov gov use police

Answer 30

-focus on wartime security
-established counter espionage Bureau
-designed to weed out those undermining the war effort
-inclusing bolsheviks

Question 31

how did lenin use police

Answer 31

-Executed romanovs in 1918, used to deal with revolutionaries
-nasty and ruthess torture methods
-1922 cheka disbanded, replaced with similar police

Question 32

how did stalin use police

Answer 32

–1923-1934 OGPU
-1934-1943 NKVD
-1943-1953 MGB
- in total sent over 40 mil to gulags
-25% inmates died each year

Question 33

how did khrushchev use police

Answer 33

-reorganised MVD in 1954
-KGB gathered intelligence
-much less harsh

Question 34

how did lenin use censorship

Answer 34

1921 agitation an propoganda department established
-promoted idealised russia
-schools, cinema, radio, libraries under surveillance to prevent revoluntionist materia;

Question 35

how did stalin use censorship

Answer 35

increased lots
-1932 all literary groups shut down, all writers had to join soviet writers union
-all work had to be approved

Question 36

how did khrushchev use censorship

Answer 36

-eased
-books and libraries proliferated
-by late 1950s nearly 65,000 books published
-newspapers flourished
-bu 1959, 145 films had been made, cinemas increased to 59,000

Question 37

how did khrushchev use censorship

Answer 37

-eased
-books and libraries proliferated
-by late 1950s nearly 65,000 books published
-newspapers flourished
-bu 1959, 145 films had been made, cinemas increased to 59,000

Question 38

who opposed lenin and why

Answer 38

-trotsky

opposed treaty of brest litovsk

communist expansion

Question 39

how did lenin deal with opposition?

Answer 39

-claimed the war would soon end, didnt really deal with it

Question 40

who opposed stalin and why?

Answer 40

trotsky
-pressed for permenant revolution
-more free speech

Question 41

how did stalin deal with opposition

Answer 41

-expelled
-trotsky expelled from party in 1927
-exiled to kazackstan and 1929 expelled from USSR all together

Question 42

Khrushchev ideology

Answer 42

-Destalinisation
-far more liberal
-de centralization
-terror abolished
-policies came from genuine desire to improve conditions

Question 43

structure of Gov stalin

Answer 43

-Centralized power
-Soviet of the Union- supposed to have elections every 4 years
-Soviet of the nationalities - like theh house of lords. elite ruling group

Question 44

Structure of Gov Lenin

Answer 44

-chairman of sovnarkom, autocratic once again
-Cheka as body of Gov
-Constituent assembly elections in 1917 rigged

Question 45

Structure of Gov Khrushchev

Answer 45

-decentralization, autocratic ruler lost some power
-KGB secret police
-MVD regular police

Question 46

worker opposition Lenin

Answer 46

Fairly docile in 1920s

Question 47

Worker opposition Stalin

Answer 47

Fairly docile in 1930s
-1940s workers suicide rates increased due to pressure to obtain production targets and poor conditions

Question 48

Worker opposition Khrushchev

Answer 48

1962 worker protest over food shortages and high prices
-20 killed

Question 49

Peasant opposition Lenin

Answer 49

-Green armies in Civil war
-Protests on grain requisitioning, largely dealt with by NEP

Question 50

Peasant opposition Stalin

Answer 50

1930 temporary opt out of concession to collectivization to appease opposition
-peasants burned crops and killed animals to avoid them being taken

Question 51

Peasant opposition Khrushchev

Answer 51

Not much