war with France

Question 1

pre war

Answer 1

Mary’s health was deteriorating and Gardiner, her trusted advisor had died

she wanted Philip to return to advise her, which he didn’t until war broke out in March 1556

Question 2

Philip’s return

Answer 2

he returned to enlist support for the war

the council was opposed to any involvement in the war

Question 3

reforms to army and navy

Answer 3

despite these, England was still militarily weak

Question 4

declared war

Answer 4

due to French ambassadors plot against Mary

Question 5

1556

Answer 5

Philip persuaded Mary to support Spain in a war against France. The Privy Council knew that England could not afford a foreign war

Question 6

attack on Calais

Answer 6

the English government were unable to send reinforcements to Calais, due to lack of money

it fell on 13th January 1558

Question 7

response to humiliation over Calais

Answer 7

7000 men and 140 ships were sent to invade France

aim to attack Brest

Question 8

Brest

Answer 8

was too well defended and so they captured the smaller port of Le Conquet

Question 9

traditionalist view of her FP

Answer 9

Traditional historians, such as A. Pollard and ST. Bindoff, view Mary’s foreign policy as disastrous. This helped lead to the concept of a “mid-Tudor crisis”.

Question 10

not such a disastrous FP

Answer 10

Historians such as D. Loades, and D. Hoak, claim that foreign policy, although not that adventurous, was not the great crisis of the Spanish Armada. There was never a real danger of an invasion.