War and revolution: Nicholas II Flashcards
What caused the Russo Japanese war?
Both Russia and japan claimed to have rights over Manchuria and Korea. In 1903, the japanese attacked the russian fleet at port arthur and followed with a blockade of the port.
What were the terms of the treaty of Portsmouth 1905?
- Russia was forced to withdraw from port arthur and south Manchuria. 2. Russia had to acknowledge japanese sovereignty in Korea.
Give three consequences of the Russo japanese war
- It revealed the inferiority and lack of skill of the russian army, this fueled discontent at home. 2. Defeat was a significant factor in causing the 1905 revolution. 3. Nicholas was forced to introduce a form of democracy in the dumas.
How did the Russo japanese war effect industrialization?
It revealed that Russia still had massive issues with transport and communications, leading to more investment in industry and transport. This spurred on industrialization, leading to rapid industrialization and poorer working/living conditions.
Why did Russia get involved in WW1?
They were in a military alliance with Serbia, so when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in July 1914, Russia reacted by issuing a mobilization order.
How did WW1 initially effect Russia?
It led to a growth in patriotism and love for the tsar, most people wanted to help their fellow slavs in Serbia.
What developments changed Russians’ attitudes to war?
Massive deafest in august and September in Tannenburg and the Masurian lakes, they showed Russia that there would be no quick victory.
What two things did Nicholas do to make the war situation worse?
- He set up military zones in which army authorities had total control. 2. He ignored the duma’s pleas to allow them to take n the war effort, instead, he dedicated to go to the front to lead his troops in September 1915.
What was established in June 1915?
The all russian union of zemstva and cities (ZEMGOR) it was supposed to aid in the organization of the war effort, but nicholas ignored ti and called it disloyal. It became an outlet for liberal discontent.
What is the optimist view on the war?
Tsarism was very resilient to change, it needed a dramatic event to force this, such as WW1. Russia failed to get a grip on the first war of the Industrial Age and it was inevitable that people would blame the tsar for failures.
How do the optimists see the tsarist system in 1914?
It was quiet strong and without war, it would have continued to reform and develop. It was military failures, which led to economic pressures and effected the lives of people at home which resulted in discontent and revolution.
What happened to the army in WW1?
It suffered from shortages on munitions and equipment which were caused by a lack of organization. Buy 1917, they had lost 9 million men and the tsar’s decision to take control was not popular. Not only did it isolate him from his country, but he left his unpopular german wife in charge.
Give three economic and social consequences of WWI
- By 1917, prices had risen 400%. 2. Requisitioning, the growing population and transport issues led to food shortages. 3. The bread ration fell 25% in 1917.
What were the political consequences of WW1?
Under pressure from advisors and the progressive bloc, Nicholas finally abdicated in March 1917, he left the throne to his brother, who refused it and the Romanov dynasty was over.
What is the pessimist view of WWI?
The tsar had been struggling for a long time, he was an incompetent leader and it was only a matter of time before he was deposed, the war merely acted to speed this up.
