Opposition- Nicholas II Flashcards
What was the union of liberation?
Set up by pyotr struve in 1903 it aimed for a peaceful evolution to a constitutional monarchy.
Who were the Socialist revolutionaries?
Founded in 1901 by chernov they wanted the peasants and workers to work together to bring change.
How did the SRs operate?
Stirred up discontent in the countryside and carried out over 2000 political assassinations including the assassination of Stolypin in 1911.
Who were the social democrats?
Set up in 1898 as an amalgamation of Marxist groups, they thought that change would be brought about through revolution and class struggle.
What happened in 1903?
The SDs split into martov’s Mensheviks and Lenin’s Bolsheviks.
What was the difference between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
Bolsheviks called for the party to be a small organization of dedicated revolutionaries, Mensheviks were happy to work with other groups to achieve revolution.
What happened in 1895?
Liberals petitioned Nicholas for an advisory body, he said such as thing was a ‘senseless dream.’
What did the 1905 revolution show?
There were deeply rooted tensions and opposition to tsarism within Russia, but after the initial strike activity was put down, no major changes were made.
How did the government react to trade unions?
Feared them as they encouraged opposition, closed down 500 1906-10.
What was the strike movement?
Centered in the St. Petersburg area, general strike of 1914 brought out 1/4 of the manufacturing labor force.
What did the October manifesto achieve?
Allayed opposition, moderate liberals were appeased by the Dumas and were ready to work with the tsar. Kadets hoped to use the duma to bring further changes and it split the revolutionaries.
What was nationalist opposition like?
Disjoined, only poles and Finns called for independence. Russification had forced assimilation which had pacified other groups such as the Ukrainians.
How were the SRs and SDs weakened?
Leaders exiled after 1905, dangerous split in the SDs, effective secret police infiltration leading to shut downs. Their membership declined and they only gained 6 deputies in the Duma.
What was the nature of opposition before 1914?
- Workers were largely apathetic, only striking to improve conditions. 2. Trade unions were ineffective, many were shut down or controlled by the state.
How else was pre 1914 opposition categorized?
Dumas had pacified large swathes of the liberal movement, whilst the start of the war lead to patriotism and unity.
