War And Rev And Rhe Development Of Government Flashcards
The Russo-Turkish war 1877-1878
This knee had the least direct impact on the development of Russian government.
Army suffered thousands of casualties. The war indicated that there was progress in the army which strengthened the position of the army.
Russia made many gains which improved its international standing and wealth. Turkey paid a war indemnity to Russia. Some historians believe this war encouraged the assassination of the tsar.
The Russo-Japanese war 1904-1905
Russia wanted to increase its influence in the Far East and there had been disputes between Japan and Russia over Korea and Manchuria.
Russia increased its threat to Japan by building a Chinese eastern railway and the Japanese reacted by attacking port Arthur.
Russia thought it would be easy to defeat Japan but were defeated at every major confrontation. Russia was forced to seek peace and sign the treaty of Portsmouth.
Effects:
Tsar and gov were blamed for defeat to a country considered inferior.
Discontent increased in 1904.
Restrictions imposed on zemstva by aIII due to too many members complaining about the tsar but restrictions were lifted by Nicholas to try and gain support from the zemstva but this led to more open criticism and demands for reform.
OCTOBER MANIFESTO: 1905 which outlined his plan of a more representative gov in the form of a Duma. The Duma appeared to be a revolutionary measure as it represented a move towards a constitutional monarchy but the fundamental laws of 1906 meant the tsar would retain autocratic control.
The First World War 1914-1918
War went badly for Russia. 8 million casualties.
Military failures of the war resulted in economic challenges which impacted on their lives.
Social unrest grew.
Said to be the cause of the downfall of the tsar and the provisional gov.
The Crimean war 1853-56
The Crimean war was fought between Russia and the ottoman Turks. Turks were supported by Britain and France. Russian troops surrendered and the treaty of Paris was signed.
AII Realised Russia’s economic and social infrastructure were outdated. Which led to the tsar trying to modernise Russia.
Many questioned the great power of Russia.
The emanc of the serfs 1861 allowed entrepreneurialism in agriculture as they could seek surplus on the market without the Mir. Some peasants moved to industry.
Modernisation of the military occurred as emanc meant peasants had less of an obligation to serve as conscripts in the army. So the tsar was able to change how the army was recruited, trained and organised. Modernised training. Professional army.
The zemstva were created where members were elected by the gentry, townspeople and peasants. The zemstva could feedback issues to central government.
The war did not lead to any major change in ideology and the structure of gov
