Restoration Theory Flashcards
AO1?
Restoration theory proposes sleep is for the restoration of the brain in order to keep the mind health and functioning properly.
REM SLEEP: initiates brain repair. Ten sleep may be important for brain growth as infants have a lot more than adults. Siegel et al suggest that the amount of REM sleep is proportionate to the immaturity of offspring at birth. Platypuses young are very immature ta birth and have 8 hours REM sleep but dolphins are very mature and have almost no REM sleep.
Neurotransmitters are not produced during REM which allows the neuroma to regain their sensitivity. Antidepressant drugs such as MAOIs aim to increase the levels of neurotransmitters by abolishing REM sleep, supporting link between REM and neurotransmitter recovery.
Memory: Stickgold said REM may be important in the consolidation of procedural memory highlighting it’s beneficial effects.
SWS: initiates body repair.
Growth hormone is secreted during SWS which stimulates growth and is v important during childhood. Important in adults as it enables protein synthesis and cell growth to take place. This is vital in the restoration process as proteins are are fragile and must be constantly renewed. GH is secreted in pulses during the day but but a significant amount is released at night. Sassin et al found that when sleep waking cycles are reversed by 12 hours, the release of GH with sleep is also reversed. Highlighting link between sleep and body repair supporting restoration theory. This shows that GH release is also controlled by neural mechanisms related to SWS. Van cauter et Al found That the amount of GH released correlates with SWS.
Krueger et al found a lack of SWS is linked with a reduced immune functioning as the antibodies are regenerated during cell growth and protein synthesis in SWS.
What studies are mentioned in AO1?
SIEGEL 2003 Siegel and rogaski Stickgold Sassin et al Van cauter et al Krueger et al
AO2?
VAN CAUTER ET AL: Correlational so can’t be certain of cause and effect as there may be other confounding variables affecting sleep and growth hormone release.
DJ PETER TRIPP: restoration theory says sleep deprivation should have negative effects and Peter Tripp case study supports this. PETER TRIPP stayed awake for 201 hours and after 5 days he started experiencing hallucinations and paranoia and after 24 hours of sleep he reported to be feeling normal. Showing sleep is restorative.
RECHSCHAFFEN ET AL: kept rats on a rotating disc and after 33 days they died. Highlights consequences of of lack of sleep. Stress could have contributed to their deaths as a confounding variable. ETHICAL ISSUES. But it gave us an understanding of that lack of sleep may cause stress and death. Can’t be generalised to population.
WILLIAMS ET AL: Sleep deprived individuals may be getting sleep he found in lab observations of more that 72 hours people enter microsleep while they are awake.
RANDY GARDNER found no psychotic symptoms after 11 days without sleep.
Exercise and the need for sleep: increased physical exercise should lead to increased need for sleep in order to restore the proteins and biochemicals used. Shapiro et al found that runners in a marathon slept for an hour more for two night after the race. SWS increased which shows NREM sleep is more associated with physical recovery. However, Horne and minard found that a series of exhausting tasks led people to go to sleep faster but not for longer.
AO2 studies?
Van cauter et al Dj Peter Tripp Rechtschaffen et al Williams et al Randy Gardner Shapiro et al Horne and minard
