Wallace_Pure and Local Dative Uses

Question 1

What three questions do the three broad categories of the dative answer?

Answer 1

Pure dative: “to/for whom?”
Instrumental: “How?”
Locative: “Where?”

Question 2

What is the dative of indirect object?

Answer 2

that to or for which the action of a verb is performed (will only occur with transitive verbs; by far the most common category)

Question 3

What is the dative of interest?

Answer 3

1. Indicates the person (rarely thing) interested in the verbal action
2. AKA dative of advantage and disadvantage

Question 4

What is a dative of reference/respect?

Answer 4

the dative is used to qualify a statement that would otherwise not be typically true (the verb makes an assertion that the dative qualifies as true in a certain respect; frequently with adjectives, occasionally with nouns)

Question 5

What is a dative of destination? What are the keys to identifying it?

Answer 5

1. a transfer of something from one place to another
2. “to”
3. similar to an indirect object, but occurs with intransitive verbs (esp εχρχομαι; relatively infrequent)

Question 6

What is the difference between an indirect object and a possessive dative?

Answer 6

1. indirect object: describes an act (ἐδωκεν το βιβλιον μοι–“he gave ‘me’ a book”)
2. possessive: describes a state (το βιβλιον ἐστι μοι–“the book is ‘mine’”)

Question 7

What is a dative in simple apposition?

Answer 7

1. An appositional construction involves two adjacent substantives
2. in the same case
3. that refer to the same person or thing
4. and have the same syntactical relation to the rest of the clause (the first dative can belong to any dative category and the second is a clarification; this is common)

Question 8

What is the dative of sphere? What are the keys to identifying it?

Answer 8

1. indicates the sphere or realm in which the word to which it is related takes place or exists
2. “in the sphere of” or “in the realm of”

Question 9

What are the distinctions between the dative of reference and the dative of sphere?

Answer 9

1. Dative of reference: views the related word as detached or separated somehow (“how shall we who died [with reference] to sin still live in it?”)
2. Dative of sphere: views the related word as incorporated within the realm of the dative (“Though you were dead in [the sphere of] your sins.”)

Question 10

What is a dative of time? What are the keys to identifying it?

Answer 10

1. indicates the time when the action of the main verb is accomplished
2. denotes point of time (common)
3. the noun in the dative will express an indication of time

Question 11

What are the three nuances for the gen. dat. and accu. of time?

Answer 11

Gen: kind of time (gen represent quality, attribute or kind in general)
Dat: point of time (root idea of dat is local)
Accu: extent of time (limitation to extent)