Wallace_Instrumental and Dative use with other words

Question 1

What is a dative of association? And what are the keys to identification?

Answer 1

1. indicates the person or thing one associates with or accompanies (relatively common)
2. “in association with”
3. Often with compound verbs with συν–

Question 2

What are the distinctions between dative of means and association?

Answer 2

Means: represents how something was accomplished
Association: represents with whom something is accomplished
“He walked ‘with his friend’ (association) ‘with a cane’(means)”

Question 3

What is the dative of manner?

Answer 3

1. denotes the manner in which the action of the verb is accomplished (answers how; relatively common)

Question 4

What are the keys to identification to the dative of manner”?

Answer 4

1. “with” or “in” (you might be able to turn dat. into an adverb.; “with thanksgiving” becomes “thankfully”
2. They key is to ask if the dat. noun answers ‘how’
   (does it define the action (means) or adds color (manner); “she walked with a cane (means), with a flare (manner).)

Question 5

the dative of means is typically conceived as impersonal, how is it distinguished from personal means?

Answer 5

1. personality is not in view

2. means involves an agent who uses it (whether the agent is stated or implied)

Question 6

What are the two typical ways that agency is expressed in the NT (apart from naming the agent as the subject)? And what are there nuances?

Answer 6

1. ὑπο + the gen. is used for ultimate agent
2. δια + gen. is used for intermediate agent
   “all this happened in order that what was spoken ‘by the Lord’ ‘through the prophet’ might be fulfilled”

Question 7

What is a dative of cause? And translational glosses?

Answer 7

1. indicates the cause or basis of the action of the verb (fairly common)
2. “because of” or “on the basis of”
   (only that they might not be persecuted “because of the cross” of Christ)