Wagner's SOP model

Question 1

phenomena that SOP fixes

Answer 1

• one-trial overshadowing
• latent inhibition & its context specificity

Question 2

phenomena that SOP fails at

Answer 2

• downshift unblocking
• inhibition

Question 3

hebb & konorski

Answer 3

learning-rate parameter: pi

Question 4

SOP activity states

Answer 4

• A1 - limited capacity
• A2 - unlimited capacity

limited capacity feature of A1 activity creates overshadowing

Question 5

SOP’s learning rules

Answer 5

• rather than on-on –> excitation
• A2 states primed & likened it to the refractory period in nervous transmission
• gives it all RWM features it needs

Question 6

representational activity cycle

self-generated priming

Answer 6

an inactive stim’ elements (I) become fully active (A1) when is presented, and fade (A2) eventually returning to I

Question 7

retrieval-generated priming

Answer 7

• An associatively-activated representation goes into from inactive but only to its A2 state
• Cannot immediately enter into A1 without passing back through inactive: takes some time; without this feature, model would not work
• At λ the presentation of CS will ‘prime’ most of UCS’s representational elements into their A2 states: generates the CR is Pavlovian conditioning

Question 8

blocking & overshadowing with SOP

Answer 8

• during stage 2 - the tone primes many of the shocks elements into their A2 states
• this means that the blocking test stim wont be learned about normally
• this is because the states are in their A1 states while shock’s elements in A2 states

Question 9

SOP explaining latent inhibition with self-generated priming of CS

Answer 9

• The “context” is present learning and is subject to the same learning rules as any other stimulus
• During the pre-exposure stage of latent inhibition, the CS is pre-exposed
• This is assumed to allow the context to enter into an association with the CS
• As a result the context will retrieval-generate priming in the CSs representation
• This means that the CS’s elements will be in their A2 states, to some extent; ∴ during Conditioning, they won’t be able to become associated with the UCS
• A confirmed prediction of this is that changing the prediction between Pre-exposure will abolish latent-inhibition, leaving conditioning to work normally