W9.b

Question 1

What is morality?

Answer 1

Code of conduct or set of rules pertaining to “right” /“good”/ “wrong”/ “bad”/ “praiseworthy”/“punishable”, held by an individual or group

Question 2

What is Signature Moral Response (SMR)?

Answer 2

Serious, wrong, bad
Punishable
Authority independent
General in scope (universal)

Question 3

What is the key distinguishing feature of stimulus? And limitations?

Answer 3

Harm or welfare (also rights and justice)
If harm (or justice or rights), then SMR. 

However, non-harm violations evoke SMR too.

Question 4

Systematizing variability in moral responses: Shweder et al. (1997)

Answer 4

Autonomy (harm/right):
directly hurts another peoson

Community (hierarchy):
fails to carry out his or her duties within a community

Divinity (purity):
disrespects the sacredness of God, or causes impurity or degradation to himself/herself, or to others.

Question 5

Systematizing variability in moral responses: Moral Foundations Theory (Haidt & Graham, 2004, 2007)

Answer 5

Expanded to five domains

Harm/care

Fairness/reciprocity

Authority/respect

Ingroup/loyalty

Purity/sanctity

Question 6

What factors influence SMR to its domains?

Answer 6

Cultural
Demographic
Liberal/conservative

Question 7

Moral reasoning (from Haidt 2001)

Answer 7

Conscious mental activity

Intentional, effortful, and controllable

Question 8

Moral intuition (from Haidt, 2001)

Answer 8

Sudden appearance in consciousness of a moral judgment, including an affective valence (good-bad, like-dislike), without any conscious awareness of having gone through steps of searching, weighing evidence, or inferring a conclusion

Largely dependent on emotions

Question 9

What is moral dumbfounding?

Answer 9

Reasoning processes not accessible to justify/rationalize their intuition

Question 10

What is Social Intuitionist Model (SIM; Haidt, 2001)?

Answer 10

Moral judgment is a function of affect-laden intuitions.

Reasoning is post-hoc rationlization

Question 11

What is deontological response?

Answer 11

Based on the rule: do not kill innocents

Driven by gut-reactions, emotions, intuitions

Footbridge (direct contact)

Question 12

What is utilitarian response?

Answer 12

Greatest good for greatest number

Driven by controlled, effortful reasoning processes

Switch (no direct contact)

Question 13

What is the result of manipulating emotion?

Answer 13

If one reduces negative affect during dilemma processing, one should see more utilitarian responding

Valdesolo and DeSteno (2006)
Clip ‘SNL’ (positive emotion) or documentary (neutral)

Question 14

How relational models influence moral judgment?

Answer 14

Relationship Regulation Theory (Rai & Fiske, 2011)
CS: Unity
AR: Hierarchy
EM: Equality
MP: Proportionality 

Different concepts weight differently

Question 15

What is moral circle?

Answer 15

Category of entities in the world worthy of moral concern.

That we deem it impermissible to harm or treat unfairly

Question 16

Inclusion-exclusion discrepancy (IED; Yaniv & Schul, 1997, 2000)

Answer 16

Inclusion mindsets (circling) lead to smaller final choice sets than exclusion mindsets (crossing out)