W8 How cells get energy Flashcards
how much water do most cells usually have
7
what’s the definition of gathering energy from the sun
movement of e-
what do e- like to associate with
protons or hydride ions (H-)
what is the equation of water content
H20+ H20 -> H30+ + OH-
what is bond breaking called
catabolism
what is bond making called
anabolism
what are the 3 e- cofactors
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
why is C used by cells
space for 4 e-
can form non-polar backbones
what is the definition of a calorie
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g (1 ml) of water by 1 degree at a pressure of 1 Atmos
why do cells needs energy
biosynthesis
active transport of solutes + ions
light and heat
mechanical work
what are autotrophs
make their own food from inorganic carbon
get energy from sunlight
what are heterotroph
get energy from foods
use organic carbon mols to create ATP
what are photoheterotrophs
use light energy and organic substrates to synthesise organic molecules
what are chemotrophs
use energy from chemical bonds
what are lithotrophs
use inorganic compounds as e- donors
what are organotrophs
use organic compounds as e- donors
for cells to survive they need what 4 things
energy
C molecules
catalyst
info
what’s the first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed so energy of a closed system remains constant
what’s the second law of thermodynamics
the sum of the entropies in a closed system must increase
do cells obey the second law of thermodynamics
yes, sacrifices available energy to increase entropy
which type of reaction needs energy
anabolic reactions
which type of reaction doesn’t need energy
catabolic reactions
when a reaction start what is ΔG
positive value
what are the 3 stages of enzyme action
association
catalysis
dissociation
are cofactor or cosubstrates affected by a enzyme action
cosubstrates
how does fermentation produce ATP
converts NADH to NAD+ for glycolysis
what is the glycolytic switch
when a cell switches from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
what can the glycolytic switch help cancer cells for
Walburg effect
