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Cell Biology > W5 Cell Cycle and Division > Flashcards

W5 Cell Cycle and Division Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in prophase

A
  • formation of centrosomes
  • chromosomes condense
  • mitotic spindles form
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2
Q

what are centromeres made of

A

centrioles + micro tubules

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3
Q

what happens in prometaphase

A

chromosomes attach to spindle micro tubules

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4
Q

how do chromosomes attach to spindle micro tubules

A

kinetochores

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5
Q

what is karyotyping

A

metaphase

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6
Q

what happens during metaphase

A
  • chromosomes align at equator of spindle poles
  • kinetochore micro tubules attach chromatids to opposite spindle poles
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7
Q

what happens during Anaphase

A
  • pulls sister chromatids to spindle poles
  • shortens micro tubules
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8
Q

why do kinetochore microtubules shorten?

A

spindle poles move apart

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9
Q

what happens during telophase

A
  • chromosomes move to spindle poles to decondese
  • nuclear envelope reforms
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10
Q

what is the end result of Mitosis

A

forms two identical daughter nuclei

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11
Q

what is binary fission and how does it work

A
  • unicellular mitosis
  • cell elongation and DNA rep
  • cross wall formation
  • clone cells
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12
Q

what are CDC mutants

A
  • cell division cycle genes
  • temperature sensitive
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13
Q

what happens if CDC are mutated

A

cell cycle arrest

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14
Q

what is cyclin

A

regulates cell cycle

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15
Q

how is CDK complex formed

A

cyclin + inactive CDK

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16
Q

whats the role of thymosin

A

binds to actin to prevent actin filaments

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17
Q

whats the role of profilin

A

speeds up the binding of actin

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18
Q

whats the role of formins

A

promote the filament elongation

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19
Q

what are the role of integrin receptors

A

link cells to extracellular matrix

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20
Q

whats the role of cadherins

A

link cells to other cells

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21
Q

what are adheren junctions

A

links to F-actin filaments

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22
Q

is mitosis diploid or haploid

A

diploid

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23
Q

what does diploid mean

A

2 genetically identical daughter cells

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24
Q

what happens in G1 phase

A

check and repair DNA
synthesise RNA + proteins
increase cell size

25
Q

what happens in G0 phase

A

resting

26
Q

what happens in S phase

A

chromosome and centrosome dupe

27
Q

what is the roles of cohesins

A

hold sister chromatids together
DNA repair and gene expression

28
Q

what shape do cohesins form

A

ring structure

29
Q

what does cohesin do when metaphase anaphase transition

A

cleavage of sister chromatids

30
Q

what enzyme removes cohesin complexes

A

seperase enzyme

31
Q

what’s the role of G2 phase

A

prepare for mitosis
microtubule synthesis

32
Q

what’s the role of M phase

A

divide + nucleus + cytoplasm
condense chromosome and spindle form

33
Q

what happens when M phase and G1 fuses

A

immediately enters mitosis

34
Q

what are the role of CDKs

A

bind to cyclins to regulate cell cycle

35
Q

what are CDKS and cyclins degraded by

A

APC

36
Q

what does p53 do when switched on

A

stops cell division

37
Q

how is p53 pathway activated

A

UV light or ionizing radiation causing DNA damage

38
Q

what’s the role of MPF

A

stimulate transition of G2 to M phase

39
Q

why are cyclins and CDKs degraded

A

to move out of M phase

40
Q

what can prevent phase transitions

A

DNA damage

41
Q

why is metaphase anaphase transition blocked by chromosomes

A

chromosomes still attached to spindles fibres

42
Q

what type of cells are in meiosis

A

haploid cells

43
Q

what type of cells are haploid

A

gametes

44
Q

what is formed when a egg and sperm meet

A

zygote

45
Q

when does crossing over happen in meiosis

A

during meiosis 1

46
Q

what’s the point of crossing over

A

new allele combinations

47
Q

what is non disjunction

A

sister chromatids don’t separate properly

48
Q

which cell cycle do budding yeast go through

A

bacteria cell cycle not human

49
Q

which CDK binds to cyclin C

A

3

50
Q

which CDK binds to cyclin E and D

A

2,4,6

51
Q

which CDK binds to cyclin A

A

1,2

52
Q

which CDK binds to cyclin B

A

1

53
Q

what does cyclin A do

A

activates S phase and G2

54
Q

what does cyclin D and E do

A

G1 to S

55
Q

what does cyclin B do

A

G2 to M

56
Q

when does cyclin C activate

A

G0

57
Q

what regulates phase transitions

A

cyclins + CDKs

58
Q

what is the restriction point

A

G1 to S transition

59
Q

what supresses CDKs

A

CDKIs

Cell Biology (11 decks)

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