W3 amino acids + proteins + lipids Flashcards
how many amino acids are there
20
where is there electrostatic interactions
between cation bases and pi
where do H bonds form during secondary protein structure
between C=O and N-H groups
how far apart are C=O and N-H group interactions
4 amino acids apart
what are beta sheets normally depicted as
flat arrows
how are tertiary structure proteins stabilised
H bonds + VDWs
weak aromatic stacking
where are the interactions of quaternary structure proteins
intermolecular
what happens when EV6 changes
sickle cell anemia
what happens when a protein is phosphorylated
becomes more negative and hydrophilic
what are the 4 common salt bridges
1) Glutamate + Lysine
2) Glutamate + Asparagine
3) Aspartate + Lysine
4) Aspartate + Asparagine
where do you get omega 6 and 3 FA from
diet
what are the steps to fatty acid synthase
- acyl carrier protein joins acetate with malonate
- done by ketosynthase and removes CO2
- 4 C ketoacyl goes through ketoreduction + dehydration + enoyl reduction
- makes a 4 chain saturated FA
what is the role of desaturase
convert saturated FA to unsaturated FA
which FA has double bonds
unsaturated FA
what is the importance of EFA
maintain cell membrane
inflammatory responses
what is the methyl end of the FA called
omega end
what is the carboxyl end of the FA called
delta
how many more times is triglyceride more effective than glycogen
6 times
what are the 3 classes of membrane lipids
glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
cholesterol
what does amphiphilicity mean
both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
what shape do lipids form
cylinders
what shape do fatty acids form
cones
what is the process of glucose to pyruvate called
glycolysis
what is the net products of glycolysis
2 NADH
2 ATP
2 pyruvates
what is glycogen converted into for glycolysis
G-6P
what is pyruvate converted to and what is the product
acetyl-CoA
what are the products of citric acid cycle
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 GTP
where do NADH and FADH2 enter after Krebbs cycle
ETC
how much ATP is produced from 1 glucose
32
what’s the bond removed from ATP phosphate groups called
phosphoanhydride bonds
which phosphate group is removed
the gamma one
does ATP have a ribose or deoxyribose sugar
ribose
how is glucose converted to glucose 1-phosphate
hexose kinase
isomerase
which enzyme converts to UDP-glucose from glucose 1-phosphate
uridyl transferase
how is glycogen prepared to become glucose 6 phosphate
catabolism
which bilayer does cholesterol stiffen
glycerophospholipid
which bilayer does cholesterol make more fluid
sphingolipid
what do lipid rafts do
allows for cell signalling
do lipid droplets have one or 2 layers
1
how does a lipid droplet formed
- triacylglycerol is pumped into bilayer
- buds off from SER
how many times does the fatty acid synthase happen
7 times
what is the name of the most common FA and how many carbons
palmitic acid and 16 carbons
how is arachidonic acid made
synthesised through linoleic acid
