W3 amino acids + proteins + lipids

Question 1

how many amino acids are there

Answer 1

20

Question 2

where is there electrostatic interactions

Answer 2

between cation bases and pi

Question 3

where do H bonds form during secondary protein structure

Answer 3

between C=O and N-H groups

Question 4

how far apart are C=O and N-H group interactions

Answer 4

4 amino acids apart

Question 5

what are beta sheets normally depicted as

Answer 5

flat arrows

Question 6

how are tertiary structure proteins stabilised

Answer 6

H bonds + VDWs
weak aromatic stacking

Question 7

where are the interactions of quaternary structure proteins

Answer 7

intermolecular

Question 8

what happens when EV6 changes

Answer 8

sickle cell anemia

Question 9

what happens when a protein is phosphorylated

Answer 9

becomes more negative and hydrophilic

Question 10

what are the 4 common salt bridges

Answer 10

1) Glutamate + Lysine
2) Glutamate + Asparagine
3) Aspartate + Lysine
4) Aspartate + Asparagine

Question 11

where do you get omega 6 and 3 FA from

Answer 11

diet

Question 12

what are the steps to fatty acid synthase

Answer 12

• acyl carrier protein joins acetate with malonate
• done by ketosynthase and removes CO2
• 4 C ketoacyl goes through ketoreduction + dehydration + enoyl reduction
• makes a 4 chain saturated FA

Question 13

what is the role of desaturase

Answer 13

convert saturated FA to unsaturated FA

Question 14

which FA has double bonds

Answer 14

unsaturated FA

Question 15

what is the importance of EFA

Answer 15

maintain cell membrane
inflammatory responses

Question 16

what is the methyl end of the FA called

Answer 16

omega end

Question 17

what is the carboxyl end of the FA called

Answer 17

delta

Question 18

how many more times is triglyceride more effective than glycogen

Answer 18

6 times

Question 19

what are the 3 classes of membrane lipids

Answer 19

glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
cholesterol

Question 20

what does amphiphilicity mean

Answer 20

both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 21

what shape do lipids form

Answer 21

cylinders

Question 22

what shape do fatty acids form

Answer 22

cones

Question 23

what is the process of glucose to pyruvate called

Answer 23

glycolysis

Question 24

what is the net products of glycolysis

Answer 24

2 NADH
2 ATP
2 pyruvates

Question 25

what is glycogen converted into for glycolysis

Answer 25

G-6P

Question 26

what is pyruvate converted to and what is the product

Answer 26

acetyl-CoA

Question 27

what are the products of citric acid cycle

Answer 27

6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 GTP

Question 28

where do NADH and FADH2 enter after Krebbs cycle

Answer 28

ETC

Question 29

how much ATP is produced from 1 glucose

Answer 29

32

Question 30

what’s the bond removed from ATP phosphate groups called

Answer 30

phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 31

which phosphate group is removed

Answer 31

the gamma one

Question 32

does ATP have a ribose or deoxyribose sugar

Answer 32

ribose

Question 33

how is glucose converted to glucose 1-phosphate

Answer 33

hexose kinase
isomerase

Question 34

which enzyme converts to UDP-glucose from glucose 1-phosphate

Answer 34

uridyl transferase

Question 35

how is glycogen prepared to become glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 35

catabolism

Question 36

which bilayer does cholesterol stiffen

Answer 36

glycerophospholipid

Question 37

which bilayer does cholesterol make more fluid

Answer 37

sphingolipid

Question 38

what do lipid rafts do

Answer 38

allows for cell signalling

Question 39

do lipid droplets have one or 2 layers

Answer 39

1

Question 40

how does a lipid droplet formed

Answer 40

• triacylglycerol is pumped into bilayer
• buds off from SER

Question 41

how many times does the fatty acid synthase happen

Answer 41

7 times

Question 42

what is the name of the most common FA and how many carbons

Answer 42

palmitic acid and 16 carbons

Question 43

how is arachidonic acid made

Answer 43

synthesised through linoleic acid