W3 amino acids + proteins + lipids Flashcards

1
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

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2
Q

where is there electrostatic interactions

A

between cation bases and pi

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3
Q

where do H bonds form during secondary protein structure

A

between C=O and N-H groups

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4
Q

how far apart are C=O and N-H group interactions

A

4 amino acids apart

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5
Q

what are beta sheets normally depicted as

A

flat arrows

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6
Q

how are tertiary structure proteins stabilised

A

H bonds + VDWs
weak aromatic stacking

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7
Q

where are the interactions of quaternary structure proteins

A

intermolecular

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8
Q

what happens when EV6 changes

A

sickle cell anemia

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9
Q

what happens when a protein is phosphorylated

A

becomes more negative and hydrophilic

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10
Q

what are the 4 common salt bridges

A

1) Glutamate + Lysine
2) Glutamate + Asparagine
3) Aspartate + Lysine
4) Aspartate + Asparagine

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11
Q

where do you get omega 6 and 3 FA from

A

diet

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12
Q

what are the steps to fatty acid synthase

A
  • acyl carrier protein joins acetate with malonate
  • done by ketosynthase and removes CO2
  • 4 C ketoacyl goes through ketoreduction + dehydration + enoyl reduction
  • makes a 4 chain saturated FA
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13
Q

what is the role of desaturase

A

convert saturated FA to unsaturated FA

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14
Q

which FA has double bonds

A

unsaturated FA

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15
Q

what is the importance of EFA

A

maintain cell membrane
inflammatory responses

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16
Q

what is the methyl end of the FA called

A

omega end

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17
Q

what is the carboxyl end of the FA called

A

delta

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18
Q

how many more times is triglyceride more effective than glycogen

19
Q

what are the 3 classes of membrane lipids

A

glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
cholesterol

20
Q

what does amphiphilicity mean

A

both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

21
Q

what shape do lipids form

22
Q

what shape do fatty acids form

23
Q

what is the process of glucose to pyruvate called

A

glycolysis

24
Q

what is the net products of glycolysis

A

2 NADH
2 ATP
2 pyruvates

25
what is glycogen converted into for glycolysis
G-6P
26
what is pyruvate converted to and what is the product
acetyl-CoA
27
what are the products of citric acid cycle
6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 GTP
28
where do NADH and FADH2 enter after Krebbs cycle
ETC
29
how much ATP is produced from 1 glucose
32
30
what's the bond removed from ATP phosphate groups called
phosphoanhydride bonds
31
which phosphate group is removed
the gamma one
32
does ATP have a ribose or deoxyribose sugar
ribose
33
how is glucose converted to glucose 1-phosphate
hexose kinase isomerase
34
which enzyme converts to UDP-glucose from glucose 1-phosphate
uridyl transferase
35
how is glycogen prepared to become glucose 6 phosphate
catabolism
36
which bilayer does cholesterol stiffen
glycerophospholipid
37
which bilayer does cholesterol make more fluid
sphingolipid
38
what do lipid rafts do
allows for cell signalling
39
do lipid droplets have one or 2 layers
1
40
how does a lipid droplet formed
- triacylglycerol is pumped into bilayer - buds off from SER
41
how many times does the fatty acid synthase happen
7 times
42
what is the name of the most common FA and how many carbons
palmitic acid and 16 carbons
43
how is arachidonic acid made
synthesised through linoleic acid
44