W8 British Columbia Flashcards
British Columbia
-C region
-๐โข๏ธ (US nw +PR countries)-๐๐ผ
British Columbia
-British Columbia is mostly located in the Cordillera physiographic region.
-International trade particularly with the U.S. Northwest and Pacific Rim countries play a key role in its economy.
Economy
-๐ฅค๐๏ธ๐ฆ๐
-The province has four main exports:
โ L๐ชต,p๐+p๐, ngโฝ๏ธ, cโซ๏ธ
-๐ฌ.
-๐PR-๐-๐ฌ
Economy
-The population in B.C. is relatively fast growing; many immigrants arrive to the Vancouver CMA from Asia and are fueling economic growth.
-The province has four main exports:
โ Lumber, pulp and paper, natural gas, and coal.
-Vancouver has become a popular location for filming Hollywood movies. The film industry now employs over 20,000 people in B.C.
-Imported goods from the Pacific Rim flow through Vancouver to markets across Canada.
Pacific Rim Trade
-Canadian exports to the โPacific Rimโ (primarily c ___,j___,sk_____) make up 25% of the products passing through ___ ______
-โข๏ธ๐๏ธ=๐ฆ๐จ๐ณ
-The federal government has invested in the A-P G a CAsia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor* (โ๏ธ).
Pacific Rim Trade
-Canadian exports to the โPacific Rimโ (primarily China, Japan, and South Korea) make up 25% of the products passing through B.C. ports.
-Trade has accelerated with China as its economy continues to develop. -The federal government has invested in the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor (a program that improves the infrastructure leading to B.C. ports).
Core or Periphery?
-While the economy in B.C. is ๐ฆ๐ฆงgrowing and diversifying, it has a very small โโ__-___ base.
Because of this, it is not considered a core region within the definition of the core/periphery theory (can only be ___ core). Economic advancement in the knowledge-based economy has resulted in B.C. becoming an upward transitional periphery region.
Core or Periphery?โWhile the economy in B.C. is growing and diversifying, it has a very small manufacturing base. Because of this, it is not considered a core region within the definition of the core/periphery theory (can only be one core). Economic advancement in the _____-_______ economy has resulted in B.C. becoming an โซ transitional periphery region.
Western Alienation
-The ______ ______ tend to act as more than just a physical divide.
-Throughout its history, many residents of B.C. have felt a disconnection from the rest of Canada. One expression of this is the concept of ______ :
โ This is the name proposed for an ______ country uniting B.C. and the states of ______ and ______ (likely would never happen). They ______ west coast culture.
Western Alienation
-The Rocky Mountains tend to act as more than just a physical divide.
-Throughout its history, many residents of B.C. have felt a disconnection from the rest of Canada. One expression of this is the concept of โCascadiaโ:
โ This is the name proposed for an independent country uniting B.C. and the states of Washington and Oregon (likely would never happen). They share west coast culture.
Physical Geography
The ________ Mountains are the most prominent feature and are located along the ______ border.
-The In๐ฉ๐ปโโ๏ธ Mountains are located just off the coast of ___. and form the backbone of _____ _____ and Vancouver Island (_______ under the water).
-________ lands are found between mountain ranges.
-__________ rainforests are found along the coast, ๐-arid conditions in parts of the ๐ฉป, and ๐๏ธ at high elevations (variable _____and ______geography)
Physical Geography
-The Rocky Mountains are the most prominent feature and are located along the B.C./Alberta border.
-The Insular Mountains are located just off the coast of B.C. and form the backbone of Haida Gwaii and Vancouver Island (continues under the water).
-Plateau lands are found between mountain ranges.
-Temperate rainforests are found along the coast, semi-arid conditions in parts of the interior, and tundra at high elevations (variable climate and physical geography)
Mountain Ranges
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-All mountain ranges in B.C. are aligned on a northwest to southeast axis.
Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard
-B.C is in a _________ active area where one tectonic plate is ______ beneath another
-Earthquakes stronger than M7.5 on the ________ can produce tsunamis.
Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard
-B.C. is in a geologically active area where one tectonic plate is subducting beneath another
-Earthquakes stronger than M7.5 on the seafloor can produce tsunamis.
Climate
-Precipitation is highly variable by location in British Columbia due to __________ effects.
-^Air rises west of the mountains so the coast is very ___, whereas on the east side in the interior the air sinks and it is quite ___.
-___ _______ _______is a flow of warm air in winter originating in Hawaii that results in mild temperatures but high precipitation.
-๐พ on Vancouver Island has wet winters and dry summers.
- Because ๐ง๐ปis on the eastern side of the Insular Mountains, it receives 40% ____ precipitation than Vancouver.
-Only 11% of the precipitation in Vancouver falls in the summer months and only 3% of the precipitation there annually falls as snow.
-The plateaus of the B.C. ________ have a much drier climate and have warmer summers and cooler winters than the coastal regions
-Precipitation is highly variable by location in British Columbia due to orographic effects.
-^Air rises west of the mountains so the coast is very wet, whereas on the east side in the interior the air sinks and it is quite dry.
-The Pineapple Expressis a flow of warm air in winter originating in Hawaii that results in mild temperatures but high precipitation.
-^Tofino on Vancouver Island has wet winters and dry summers.
- Because Victoria is on the eastern side of the Insular Mountains, it receives 40% less precipitation than Vancouver.
-Only 11% of the precipitation in Vancouver falls in the summer months and only 3% of the precipitation there annually falls as snow.
-The plateaus of the B.C. interior have a much drier climate and have warmer summers and cooler winters than the coastal regions
What are the 7 Regions of British Columbia?
VLT KC SN
- Vancouver Island
2.Lower Mainland- Southwest - Thompson-Okanagan
- Kootenay
- Cariboo-Prince George
- Skeena-North Coast
- Northeast
Region: Vancouver Island - Coast
-The _____Mountains are the most prominent physical feature.
-๐คฌโน๐ฟ (inlets/canyons) are common along the coast (rugged).
- The area has the ________๐ winters in Canada due to the moderation from the Pacific Ocean.
-Major industries include ๐ชต,๐ฃ,๐ฉ๐ปโโ๏ธ in ๐ง๐ป
Region: Vancouver Island - Coast
-The Coast Mountains are the most prominent physical feature.
-Fjords (inlets/canyons) are common along the coast (rugged).
- The area has the mildest winters in Canada due to the moderation from the Pacific Ocean.
-Major industries include forestry, fishing, and government services (in Victoria).
- Lower Mainland- Southwest
โThis area contains *_________ soil with a high nutrient content (very fertile for a range of crops).
-It is the major agricultural area of the province. Most of the population of B.C. is in the region as it is home to the ๐ CMA.
โThis area contains alluvial soil with a high nutrient content (very fertile for a range of crops).
-It is the major agricultural area of the province. Most of the population of B.C. is in the region as it is home to the Vancouver CMA.
- Thompson - Okanagan
-kk in this region in the B.C. interior.
-The land is composed of a mix of open ________, _______ ranches, and some crops.
-Tourism is an important industry in the area around Lake ______.
-Major transportation corridors pass through this region (highways and continental railways follow along the ______ River).
- Thompson - Okanagan
-Kamloops and Kelowna in this region in the B.C. interior.-
-The land is composed of a mix of open range grasses, cattle ranches, and some crops.
-Tourism is an important industry in the area around Lake Okanagan.
-Major transportation corridors pass through this region (highways and continental railways follow along the Thompson River).
4.Kootenay
-The Rocky Mountains are found in this region as are the small cities of NCF.
- The ___________ Divide forms the border between this region and Alberta.
- The economy is based on ๐บ๏ธโ๏ธ.
Kootenay
-The Rocky Mountains are found in this region as are the small cities of Nelson, Cranbrook, and Fernie.
- The Continental Divide forms the border between this region and Alberta.
- The economy is based on tourism and mining.
- Cariboo โ Prince George
-PG๐ฆฎ
-๐๐งป (stagnant).
-The UNBC was established in PG in 1990.
Region: Cariboo โ Prince George
-Prince George is a regional service centre for the surrounding area.
- Pulp and paper mills are important industries in this region (stagnant).
-The University of Northern British Columbia was established in Prince George in 1990.
- Skeena โ North Coast
-๐ฅถ
-The economy is based on ๐ฃ.,๐ฅซ,๐๐ง,๐ณ๏ธ
- PR๐ฆ ๐ฅโ๏ธ
- Skeena โ North Coast
-This is a somewhat isolated area bordering Alaska.
-The economy is based on fishing, aluminum smelters, hydroelectric power, and tourism from Alaska cruises.
- Prince Rupert is the largest city in the region and is the second busiest port on Canadaโs west coast.
Region: Northeast
-only ๐ฉป
- only ๐ฃ๏ธ connecting Y and A to SC
-๐ฆฎ๐ฆ๐
Region: Northeast
-This is the only part of the province located in the Interior Plains physiographic region.
-The only highway connecting Yukon and Alaska to southern Canada passes through this region.
-Small towns service traffic and truck transport along this corridor.
GBR
-BC only๐ง๏ธ๐ณ in C.Strong activism by ๐งซ๐ชต
-The GBR has been designated as a _______ reserve where logging is only permitted in small areas.
The Great Bear Rainforest
-British Columbia has the only rainforests in Canada. Strong activism by environmentalists have helped to preserve these forests from logging.
-The Great Bear Rainforest has been designated as a biosphere reserve where logging is only permitted in small areas.
Trans Mountain Pipeline
-A current contentious issue in B.Cโฆ.POC ใฐ๏ธA.
-๐ฎ๐ปโโ๏ธ
-๐ข๏ธ
Trans Mountain Pipeline
-A current contentious issue in B.C. is the expansion of pipelines from Alberta to the Pacific Ocean coast.
-The federal government has approved the twinning of the Trans Mountain pipeline in response to high demand for oil from Asian countries.
-This will result in 400 oil tankers per year traveling through Vancouverโs harbour (a concern).
Coastal GasLink Pipeline
-This pipeline will transport ngโฝ๏ธ from NEB.C to _______๐ฑ where it will then be exported to Asia.
-๐20FN, but hereditary chiefs of the __________ First Nation did not originally approve.
-The controversy led to ๐ค๏ธโ
Coastal GasLink Pipeline
-This pipeline will transport natural gas from Northeast B.C. to Kitimat where it will then be exported to Asia.
-The route was approved by 20 First Nations elected Councils but hereditary chiefs of the Wetโsuwetโen First Nation did not originally approve.
-The controversy led to rail blockades in B.C. and then throughout Canada.
Railroads
Railroads
-^2 Major railroads: CN and CP lines.
-^Both end at ports on the B.C. coast.
Mining
-๐ข๐๐โ๏ธ
-NE B.Cโฆngโฝ๏ธ
Mining
-Exporting minerals from B.C. mines is a challenge because most of the mines are located far from the ocean ports.
-Northeast B.C contains a vast quantity of natural gas.
Forestry
-swl๐ชต50%
-In 1960, forestry accounted for 50% of employment in B.C. It now accounts for __%.
-B.C. forests are divided into two major regions: (C๐งI๐ฉป)
Forestry
-Half of the softwood lumber that is exported from Canada originates from B.C.
-In 1960, forestry accounted for 50% of employment in B.C. It now accounts for 10%.
-B.C. forests are divided into two major regions: coast forest and interior forest
B.C. Coast Forest
-The coast forest experiences mild _________ and abundant ______.
-๐๐ณ๐ฅ=๐โก๏ธ=๐ณ๐
Most common species are:f๐๐ฟโโ๏ธ,c,h๐
B.C. Coast Forest
-The coast forest experiences mild temperatures and abundant rainfall.
-The low risk of forest fires from the lack of lightning results in massive trees that can live over 200 years.
Most common species are fir, cedar, and hemlock.
Mountain Pine Beetle
-๐ฉป
- ๐โ๏ธ๐๏ธ
-๐ชบ
Mountain Pine Beetle
-The native mountain pine beetle has decimated vast areas of the B.C. interior forest.
- Warmer winters due to climate change are allowing the beetle to spread at a rapid rate.
-Beetles bore into the bark of the trees and lay eggs. Each beetle is the size of a grain of rice.
Urban Centres in British Columbia
๐=๐
โโ๏ธ๐+๐งป
๐ฆCMA ๐
-large negatives usually indicate closure of pulp and paper mills.
-large CMAs are seeing healthy growth.
Vancouver
-๐ฆโ๏ธ๐จ๐ฆ, CMA๐ฅ๐ฆ
-Nearly __% of the CMA is of ๐จ๐ณ ethnic origin; this is the๐ฆ%๐จ๐ฆ.
-โ
of people do not identify with any ____; this is the _____ amount in Canada.
Vancouver
-Vancouver is the largest port in Canada and the 3rd largest CMA.
-Nearly 20% of the CMA is of Chinese ethnic origin; this is the highest percentage in Canada.
-โ
of people do not identify with any religion; this is the highest amount in Canada.
