W2 Regions of Canada: Physical Geo of Can Flashcards
-Sense of place:
- Regional consciousness: the willingness to advocate for regional interests
- Each Canadian region has both a sense of place and regional pride as well as a commitment to federalism
- Collective experiences among people in a region has led to shared aspirations, goals, and values
- A sense of place within a specific city protects against the current phenomena of economic and cultural
globalization - Distinctive cityscapes provide an identity that evokes a psychological bond between people and the location
a psychological bond that people have for the area where they were born and raised or for where they currently live.
What are the 3 things that a sense of place arises from?
-Physical landscape of the area
-economic activities
-institutional bodies
-
- A strong sense of place leads to _______LEO
life chances, experiences, and opportunities
Regional consciousness:
the willingness to advocate for regional interests
- Each Canadian region
sends regular computers
- sense of place
- regional pride
-commitment to federalism
- Collective experiences among people in a region has led to shared
aspirations, goals, and values
- A sense of place within a specific city protects against the current phenomena of _______ and ________
globalization
- A sense of place within a specific city protects against the current phenomena of economic and cultural
globalization
- _______ ______ provide an identity that evokes a psychological bond between people and the location
- Distinctive cityscapes provide an identity that evokes a psychological bond between people and the location
The 6 Regions of Canada
OQAWBT
Oh Quiet Andrew With Bitch Things
- Ontario
- Quebec
- Atlantic Canada
- Western Canada
- British Columbia
- Territorial North
These areas have been defined as regions because:
Man Id Break Links
🧳
🔍
📈
🕵🏿♀️💰
They are…
-Manageable sections in a balanced size
- Identifiable by a set of physical features, natural resources, and economic strengths
- Broken down on a provincial basis which makes it easy to study statistical data
-linked to regional identity and sometimes are associated with regional disputes
Characteristics of the Regions
- Most people live in ______ and _______
- This is important in _______ elections
- The proportion of people living in the ______ has gone up recently
- the proportion of people living in
the _______ and Quebec has gone down
- Most people live in Ontario and Quebec
- This is important in federal elections
- The proportion of people living in the west has gone up recently (people like living in the west cause Kayne west)
-the proportion of people living in
the Atlantic and Quebec has gone down
The Core/Periphery Theory
- “____land/hinterland theory”
- A model that describes __________ among regions in Canada
- This model is based on the idea that the _______ economies result in regionally _______ development
The Core/Periphery Theory
- “Heartland/hinterland theory”
- A model that describes interactions among regions in Canada
- This model is based on the idea that the Capitalists economies result in regionally uneven development
- Uneven development =
- Uneven development = some people are really rich, and some people are really poor
-The Core/Periphery Theory states: both the core and the periphery are dependent on each other, but the ____ (the industrial ______) dominates the economic relationship with the periphery (the ______ hinterland)
- The Core/Periphery Theory states: both the core and the periphery are dependent on each other, but the core (the industrial heartland) dominates the economic relationship with the periphery (the resource hinterland)
- The ________ is not very populated
Hinterland
- ## In Canada, the core is–
–Southern Ontario
–Southern Quebec
- All other areas make up the _______
periphery
- B.C and the ______ Provinces are ______ transitional peripheries
- The _______Provinces are a downward transitional periphery
- B.C and the Prairie Provinces are upward transitional peripheries
- The Atlantic Provinces are a downward transitional periphery
Think of
BC (climb up mountain) PP(boat up)(think they are racing -upward
-AP (pitsol) down by my waist
- The Territorial North is a
Rf
resource frontier periphery
Characteristics of Cores:
🥩R
🔧M
🐜G
💁🏼D
🌆U
🪙H
- Receives raw materials from the periphery
- Manufacturing is a common industry
- Geographically small
- Diverse economy
- Urban and densely populated
- Home to the corporate headquarters
Characteristics of Peripheries
💰P
🦍G
🪵R
🚜R
- Purchases manufactured goods from the core
- Geographically large
- Resource based economy
- Rural and sparsely populated
As one travels from a core to a periphery there are noticeable trends:
-🏘️B
-🦝📈U
-💰📉M
- Both population and population density increase
- Unemployment rate increases
- Median income decreases (some exceptions)
There are two contrasting ways that cores and peripheries interact:
- Regional exploitation
- Modernization
There are two contrasting ways that cores and peripheries interact:
- Regional exploitation
– the economically wealthy core exploits the natural wealth of the periphery leaving it impoverished
- Modernization –
the core invests in the periphery and helps it to develop economically
- This is better fitting to Canada
Sub-Cores in Canada
- A sub-core has similar characteristics to a core, but at a much smaller scale
- Examples of Sub-cores within Canada’s peripheries:
1. V/V
2. E/C
3. H
vv(diamonds)-(ec=easy) Ha
1.Vancouver/Victoria
2. Edmonton/Calgary
3.Halifax
Staples thesis:
proposed explanation of how and why Canada’s economy has grown and changed since
Confederation
-how a staple changed and grown because of economy
-lumber is an example
Staple product:
🪵 🛬 💰
a natural resource that can be exploited relatively quickly and cheaply for profit
Canada’s economic history is linked to the discovery, utilization, and export of staple resources in its peripheral
regions
- But eventually, economic _____________ happened, and this made the peripheral regions have other
things to rely on – therefore they were ___________________________________
Canada’s economic history is linked to the discovery, utilization, and export of staple resources in its peripheral
regions
- But eventually, economic diversification happened, and this made the peripheral regions have other
things to rely on – therefore they were less reliant on natural resources
This thesis was proposed by _______ ______ in the early 19__’s
This thesis was proposed by Harold Innis in the early 1930’s
The Atlantic Provinces region was the _____ region to be settled
- It was originally a _________ for England
- England was reliant on Canada’s
_____
The Atlantic Provinces region was the 1st region to be settled
- It was originally a periphery for England
- England was reliant on Canada’s lumber
Progression of Canada’s Staples
- There has been an E____ to W____ progression of the most important economic staples:
- Lumber (e w)
(This was an early staple product)
- Fur (e w)
- Agriculture (OW)
- Oil (W)
- Fish (e)
Progression of Canada’s Staples
- There has been an East to West progression of the most important economic staples:
- Lumber (east west)
(This was an early staple product)
- Fur (east. West)
- Agriculture (Ontario West)
- Oil (west)
- Fish (east)
Economic Linkages for Growth
- Three types of economic linkages are necessary for economic growth and job creation
1. B🪚
2. F🧤🪵🛫
3. F👮🏿🏪
- Backward linkage:
- Forward linkage:
- Final demand linkage:
- Backward linkage: 🪚
supplies for the staple industry (Ex. Saws and tools for the lumber industry)
- Forward linkage:
🧤🪵🛫
local processing before export (Ex. Squaring lumber before shipment)
- Final demand linkage:
🏪
servicing the needs to workers and families (general stores, schools, etc.)
The National Policy (1879)
- 🔘📈🇨🇦
- 💸
- 🌎🦫🤑
The National Policy (1879)
- This contributed to the development of the core in Canada
- The policy implemented tariffs and restricted the trade on foreign-made goods
- This created a nationwide market for Canadian-made goods and not foreign made goods
- Implications of The National policy:
1. 💸📈🇺🇸
2. 🎩🚊📉
3. Had a negative impact in Western Canada because they were purchasing expensive Canadian-made goods
from the core but were exporting wheat and grain to the U.S at low prices since the U.S had its own tariffs
“Western ______”
- Increase the price of goods from the U.S which would have otherwise been cheaper to purchase
- It favoured economic and manufacturing growth in southern Ontario and southern Quebec since this is
where transportation costs were minimized - Had a negative impact in Western Canada because they were purchasing expensive Canadian-made goods
from the core but were exporting wheat and grain to the U.S at low prices since the U.S had its own tariffs
“Western alienation”
The Canada – U.S Free Trade Agreement (1988)
-1988 bc they traded patty kane (88)
- Helped peripheries by providing cheaper products to purchase and providing a larger market for their staple products
- Many large companies began to integrate by operative factories in one location only (ie. They didn’t have one
location in each country) - This agreement was superseded by NAFTA in 1994 when Mexico joined
- NAFTA was superseded in 2018 by CUSMA
Thickening Canada – U.S Border
- This has been happening since Sept. 11, 2001 (i.e. 911)
- Auto manufacturing assembly plants in southern Ontario need quick and easy access to the U.S market
- Before 2001, Canadian citizens were not required to show passports when entering the U.S (or vice
versa) - The change in identification requirements at the border led to a dramatic decline in the tourism industry in
border cities (Niagara Falls, Windsor, Sarnia) - The U.S federal government favours a North America security perimeter that includes a common position on
immigration, military, and trade policies - This idea of a continental perimeter is thought to potentially reduce the threat of terrorist attacks
The Rock Cycle
How would you draw it???????
exam
Alpine postglacial landscapes have been hugely affected by ___
Alpine postglacial landscapes have been hugely affected by ice
scouring
ice removes rock and fills it with water
Effects of Latitude
🏴
Scotland is at a higher latitude than Montreal, so you would expect it to be warmer, but the water near it affects it
-cooler in summer because surrounded by same ocean
Climatic Zones
🌊
PCP GASA
- Most of Canada’s land mass is located within the Subarctic and Arctic climate zones
1. Pacific
2. Cordillera
3. Prairies
4. Great Lakes – St. Lawrence
5. Atlantic
6. Subarctic
7. Arctic
What are the primary 2 things that Temperature is controlled by?
-🏋️💦
-
- Temperatures in Canada are primarily controlled by latitude and proximity to bodies of water
- Moderation is evident along ocean coasts (especially the pacific coast due to prevailing westerly winds) and a
lesser extent around the Great Lakes - Farther away from bodies of water in the winter makes the area colder
Physical effects of temperature
🌷
- Temperature dictates the type of predominant vegetation in the
area
Temperature dictates the ______ of the growing season in an area
⭐️
Temperature dictates the length of the growing season in an area
- 7 tomatoes
- 6 corn
- 4 not good for agriculture
- 5 and up good for agriculture
- Clouds only form over land because hot air only rises over land and not lakes
number over 4 can do agricultural and the higher the number the more variety
the yellow zone follows below both lakeshores , fall is warmer so it extends the
- Desert:
an area that receives less than 250mm of precipitation annually
- Happens up far north where there is little snow fall
