W4 Historical Geography of Canada Flashcards
Three major events in Canada’s history have had (and continue to have) a profound impact on Canadian society…what are they
1.🥇
2.🇫🇷🏴
3.🎈
- The arrival of the first people in North America
- The colonization of North America by France and England
- The influx of people from eastern Europe
The First People
- Hunters from the Old World (the _________ Hemisphere) were the first to arrive in North America about _0, 000
years ago
- Hunters from the Old World (the eastern Hemisphere) were the first to arrive in North America about 40, 000
years ago
The First People
- They crossed the ______ Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska
- This land bridge was accessible at the time because the sea level was much _____ than it is
today (it is under water today)
- Then some of them continued east into ______ and others travelled ______ along the coast
The First People
- They crossed the Beringia Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska
- This land bridge was accessible at the time because the sea level was much lower than it is
today (it is under water today)
- Then some of them continued east into Yukon and others travelled south along the coast
The First People
- As the continental ice sheet retreated, descendants of the hunters travelled along the ___-_____ corridor that
opened along the 🦶🏼___ of the Rocky Mountains
The First People
- As the continental ice sheet retreated, descendants of the hunters travelled along the ice-free corridor that
opened along the foothills of the Rocky Mountains
The First People
- The first people hunted mammoths with pointed ______
- 11 000 years ago, these mammoths became extinct due to _______ ______ and hunting
- The first people then changed to a ____ diet with meat (buffalo and caribou), fish and plants
- This change in diet allow them to remain in a ______ geographic territory and therefore led to
______ groups of social units
- These social units marked the _________ of Indigenous tribes
- Trade amount the groups began about ______ years ago
The First People
- The first people hunted mammoths with pointed spears
- 11 000 years ago, these mammoths became extinct due to climate change and hunting
- The first people then changed to a mixed diet with meat (buffalo and caribou), fish and plants
- This change in diet allow them to remain in a specific geographic territory and therefore led to
separate groups of social units
- These social units marked the beginning of Indigenous tribes
- Trade amount the groups began about 10 000 years ago
The First People
- The hunters eventually migrated to the _____
- The ______ people migrated to this area 1000 years ago and are the ancestors of the current Inuit people
- They were able to migrate to the arctic when the _______ Ice Sheet began retreating from Nunavut
about 5000 years ago
- This allowed groups of sea hunters to advance ______ and ___________
- In this area, they hunted _______, seals, and other marine animals
The First People
- The hunters eventually migrated to the arctic
- The Thule people migrated to this area 1000 years ago and are the ancestors of the current Inuit people
- They were able to migrate to the arctic when the Laurentide Ice Sheet began retreating from Nunavut
about 5000 years ago
- This allowed groups of sea hunters to advance eastward and northward
- In this area, the hunted walruses, seals, and other marine animals
Contact with Europeans
- European explorers called the ____ World (the Western Hemisphere) “terra _______” (empty lands)
- Contact between __________ and Indigenous people occurred in Canada several times from the late 1400s through the 1500s
- Just before _____ _______, there may have been as many as 500, 000 Indigenous people living in Canada
- By 18__, the Indigenous population had ________ by 80% as a result
Contact with Europeans
- European explorers called the New World (the Western Hemisphere) “terra nullius” (empty lands)
- Contact between Europeans and Indigenous people occurred in Canada several times from the late 1400s through the 1500s
- Just before first contract, there may have been as many as 500, 000 Indigenous people living in Canada
- By 1871, the Indigenous population had declined by 80% as a result
- This population declined as a result of:
1. 🦠ef
2. 🏹Es
- By 1871, the Indigenous population had declined by 80% as a result
- This population declined as a result of:
1. Spread of new diseases by explorers and fur traders
2. Loss of hunting groups by European settlers
The Second People
- The second people were of French or British descent and came in along the ___ ____________
- French explorers established _____ ____ in 1608, the ______ permanent settlement in Canada
The Second People
- The second people were of French or British descent and came in along the St. Lawrence
- French explorers established Quebec City in 1608, the first permanent settlement in Canada
The Second People
- The area become known as ____ _______ and grew to a population of 60, 000 before the arrival of ______ explorers in the mid __00’s
The Second People
- The area become known as New France and grew to a population of 60, 000 before the arrival of British explorers in the mid 1700’s
The Second People
- After the ______ _______ of New France in _____, British immigrants began to move into the area
The Second People
- After the British Conquest of New France in 1759, British immigrants began to move into the area
- The battle that happened in 1759 was called the “Battle of the Plains of Abraham”
- The British and the French were fighting and the British won
- This was a turning point in Canada’s history – before this, Canada was mostly French. Without
this battle, Canada would be a mostly French speaking county
The Second People (EXAM)
- The battle that happened in ____ was called the “Battle of the ______ of _________”
- The British and the French were fighting and the _____ won
- This was a turning point in Canada’s history – before this, Canada was mostly _______.
Without this battle, Canada would be a mostly _______ speaking county
The Second People
- The battle that happened in ____ was called the “Battle of the Plains of Abraham”
- The British and the French were fighting and the British won
- This was a turning point in Canada’s history – before this, Canada was mostly French.
Without this battle, Canada would be a mostly French speaking county
HOW MANY Waves of British Immigration ARE THERE??
TWO WAVES
Waves of British Immigration
First wave:
- ________ Loyalists living in the U.S supported Britain during the U.S War of ________ (17🎲⭐️-17☃️🔺)
- After ______ was defeated they moved to Canada (BNA)
- Many Loyalists settled in ____ 🛥️ and _____ ________
Waves of British Immigration
First wave:
- British Loyalists living in the U.S supported Britain during the U.S War of Independence (1775-1783)
- After Britain was defeated they moved to Canada (British North America)
- Many Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia and Southern Ontario
Waves of British Immigration
Second wave:
- Nearly _ million people migrated from the _____ ______ during the early to mid 1☃️00s
- This was because England had a ________🪱_ economy and the potato ______ was happening in Ireland
- There were a lot of people ✈️
Waves of British Immigration
- Second wave:
- Nearly 1 million people migrated from the British Isles during the early to mid 1800s
- This was because England had a deteriorating economy and the potato famine was happening in Ireland
- There were a lot of people immigrating
Confederation
- In 1867, the population of British North America was . million
- 🎲⭐️% of the population lived in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands
- 🦆% of the population lived in the Atlantic region
- 🔯% of the population was of British descent – therefore there was an English majority
Confederation
- In 1867, the population of British North America was 3.5 million
- 75% of the population lived in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands
- 20% of the population lived in the Atlantic region
- 60% of the population was of British descent – therefore there was an English majority
Confederation
- In ___ River valley, the Metis people were over 80% of the population
- Metis = a mix of Indigenous and _______ descent
Confederation
- In Red River valley, the Metis people were over 80% of the population
- Metis = a mix of Indigenous and European descent (e-european)
- Canada became a country in 1867 when four small British colonies united:
ULNN
- Upper Canada (Ontario)
- Lower Canada (Quebec)
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- Canada became a country in 1867 when four small British colonies united:
ULNN
1. Upper Canada (Ontario) - This was called upper Canada because you had to go up the St. Lawrence to get to Ontario
2. Lower Canada (Quebec)
3. New Brunswick
4. Nova Scotia - These were the first four provinces and they
all joined in 1867 - Britain was eager to form a union to withstand
possible annexation by the United States and
this is likely why confederation happened - Annexation: being taken over
- At confederation, all of the provinces were smaller
than they are today
- Upper Canada (Ontario)
* This was called upper Canada because you had to go up the St. Lawrence to get to Ontario - Lower Canada (Quebec)
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- These were the first four provinces and they
all joined in 1867
- Britain was eager to form a union to withstand
possible annexation by the United States and
this is likely why confederation happened
- Annexation: being taken over
- At confederation, all of the provinces were smaller
than they are today
- Canada became a country in 1867 when four small British colonies united:
ULNN
1. Upper Canada (Ontario)
- This was called upper Canada because you had to go up the St. Lawrence to get to Ontario
- Canada became a country in 1867 when four small British colonies united:
ULNN
2. Lower Canada
(Quebec)
- Canada became a country in 1867 when four small British colonies united:
ULNN
3.
4. - These were the first four provinces and they
all joined in 18__
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- These were the first four provinces and they
all joined in 1867
Why did the confederation happen?
Britain was eager to form a union to withstand
possible annexation by the United States
- Annexation:
- At confederation, all of the provinces were _____
than they are today
- being taken over (ann being taken over)
- At confederation, all of the provinces were smaller
than they are today