W6 Group processes Flashcards
Categorization
“Two or more individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category” (Turner, 1982)
Communication
“Two or more people who think of themselves as a group, are interdependent and communicate with one another” (Frey & Konieczka, 2010)
Influence
“Two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that the person influences and is influenced by each other person (Shaw, 1981)
shared identity
“Two or more people possessing a common social identification” (Brown, 2000)
Shared tasks and goals
“Three or more people who work together interdependently on an agreed upon activity or goal” (Keyton, 2002)
Interdependence
“A dynamic whole based on interdependence rather than similarity” (Lewin, 1948)
definition of a group
A group is two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships
Main characteristics of groups
Interaction, goals, interdependence, strucutre, cohesiveness
Interactions
create, organize and sustain relationships and task interactions (focused on groups works, projects, plans, goals, ADV: goal achievement, facilitation DIS: social loafing)
Goals
groups have instrumental purposes (common goals)
Interdependence
members of a group depend on each other
Structure
group members are connected to each other in organized and predictable patterns. (roles, norms)
Cohesiveness
closeness and solidarity of a group as a result of the development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds among members.
social loafing
Presence of other people can result in reduced effort of individual members (clapping, shouting, cheering, brainstorming)
Variables that influence tendency to loaf
identifiability, individual responsibilty, commitment to task performance.