W6 Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

where is the heart located?

Answer 1

in the middle part of the mediastinum, in most species from the 2nd/3rd to 5th/6th intercostal space, olecrannon used as a landmark of the 5th intercostal space

Question 2

the heart is asymmetrically within the thorax, what percentage lies to the left of the median plane?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

normally, what organ covers most of the surface of the heart?

Answer 3

the lungs

Question 4

what layers make up the pericardial sac that contains the heart?

Answer 4

the fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium layers (fibroserous sac)

Question 5

what fluid is between the parietal and visceral layers

Answer 5

pericardial fluid

Question 6

what is the epicardium?

Answer 6

the visceral and most external layer of the heart

Question 7

what layer is the myocardium?

Answer 7

the middle layer

Question 8

what layer is the endocardium?

Answer 8

the most internal layer of the heart

Question 9

the parietal pericardium adheres to what?

Answer 9

fibrous pericardium

Question 10

continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm forms what ligaments?

Answer 10

the sternopericardial and phrenicocardial ligaments

Question 11

where are the auricles of the heart found?

Answer 11

next to the pulmonary trunk

Question 12

is the atrial surface on the left or right side of the heart?

Answer 12

right side

Question 13

what chambers receive blood?

Answer 13

atria

Question 14

what chambers pump blood?

Answer 14

ventricles

Question 15

between which chambers is the right atrioventricular/tricuspid valve?

Answer 15

the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 16

between which chambers is the left atrioventricular/bicuspid valve?

Answer 16

the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 17

where would you find the pulmonary valve?

Answer 17

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries that take blood to the lungs

Question 18

where would you find the aortic valve?

Answer 18

between the left ventricle and aorta (that takes blood to the body)

Question 19

which valves are semilunar valves?

Answer 19

the pulmonary and aortic valve

Question 20

valves are anchored in the ventricles by what?

Answer 20

chordae tendineae

Question 21

when do valves open?

Answer 21

when the pressure is greater behind the valve than in front of the valve (one way valves)

Question 22

what are the aortic sinuses?

Answer 22

pockets between the aortic valves cusps and the vessel wall

Question 23

what branches off of the left coronary artery?

Answer 23

the paraconal interventricular artery and the circumflex branch

Question 24

what is the coronary groove?

Answer 24

the coronary sulcus is a groove on the surface of the heart at the base or the right auricle that separates the atria from the ventricles -

Question 25

the sympathetic nerve contribution to the heart is through what?

Answer 25

the cervical and thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

Question 26

what stimulation causes an increase in heart rate?

Answer 26

sympathetic stimulation