W2 Synovial Joints (part done)

Question 1

describe the synarthrosis type joint, give and example:

Answer 1

immovable, bones are almost in direct contact but are interspersed by connective tissue e.g. the bone plates of the skull

Question 2

describe the amphiarthrosis type joint, give an example:

Answer 2

slightly movable, contiguous osseous surfaces connected by flattened discs of fibrocartilage that allow for limited movement e.g. vertebral body and intervertebral discs

Question 3

describe the diarthrosis (synovial) type joint, give an example:

Answer 3

freely movable, possesses a cavity that is lined by a synovial membrane, may/may not possess ligamentous and meniscal structures internally, normally found between long bones e.g. your knee joint

Question 4

what components make up a joint?

Answer 4

articular cartilage, joint cavity, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, (meniscus), (bursae)

Question 5

describe the histological appearance of hyaline cartilage:

Answer 5

glassy/translucent appearance, looks like googly eyes, spaced out, light purple

Question 6

describe the histological appearance of fibrocartilage:

Answer 6

light and dark purple/blue ‘waves’ with a smaller amount of googly eyes that are also spaced out

Question 7

describe the histological appearance of elastic cartilage:

Answer 7

glossy, contains elastic fibres and chondrocytes, darker purple, fibres less spaced out, googly eyes but smaller ‘pupil’

Question 8

what are chondrocytes?

Answer 8

cells of articular cartilage, they produce and secrete the extracellular matrix (collagens, proteoglycans (a protein and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans) and high water content)

Question 9

what are the 4 zones of a growth plate?

Answer 9

resting zone, proliferation zone, prehypertrophic zone and hypertrophic zone (and trabecular bone)

Question 10

what does the inner and outer layer of synovium consist of?

Answer 10

outer = collagen I
inner = lining of synoviocytes

Question 11

synovial fluid is modified from the plasma and rich in what?

Answer 11

proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid