W5 Personality Flashcards
- intro to personality - personality in the workplace
Definition of personality
charateristics that are representitve of who we are as a person and can determine how we act or respond in certain situations
the pillars of temperament - Hippocrates 5th century BC
hot/wet = blood
cold/wet = phlegm
hot/dry = yellow bile
cold/dry = black bile
the four humours - Galen 2nd century AD
blood - sanguine - cheerful
black bile - melancholic - unhappy
yellow bile - choleric - bad-tempered
phlegm - phlegmatic - calm
nomothetic approach
identification, measurement and description of common traits across individuals.
ideographic approach
identification of the unique combinations of traits that account for an individual’s personality.
Factor Analysis:
a fantastic tool for looking at things like the structure of personality from the data up
openness
Imaginative vs down-to-earth
Preference for variety vs preference for routine
Independent vs conforming
Conscientiousness
Well-organised vs disorganised
Careful vs careless
Self-disciplined vs weak-willed
Extraversion
Sociable vs retiring
Fun-loving vs ‘sober’
Affectionate vs reserved
Agreeableness
Softhearted vs ruthless
Trusting vs suspicious
Helpful vs uncooperative
Neuroticism (Emotional Stability)
Worried vs calm
Insecure vs secure
Self-pitying vs self-satisfied
Characteristics of Machiavellianism
motivated by status and power
Relative lack of affect in interpersonal relationships
● Lack of concern for conventional morality
● Lack of gross psychopathology
● Low ‘ideological’ commitment
Why are we interested in psychopathy?
● They commit more offences, more violent offences, more different kinds of offences
● They commit more sexual offences against adults and less against children
● Harder (but not impossible) to rehabilitate and, rehabilitation may not work as well
● Most offending is still done by non-psychopaths.
Psychopathy
impulsivity and aggression
Chronic syndrome of negative characteristics
Three groups of symptoms
·Interpersonal: arrogant, callous, manipulative
·Affective: shallow, irritable, lacking remorse
·Behavioural: parasitic, impulsive, irresponsible, breaking rules
Trait approach
there is a continuum of personality and it is normally distributed
meta-analysis
combined stats
Freud’s Topographic Model
id - unconscious
ego - Preconscious
superego - Preconscious
Carl Jung
Collective unconscious
Primordial images → Archetypes
(…extroversion)
Psychological ‘types’
Two basic ‘attitudes’
Introversion and Extroversion
Later added four basic ‘functions’:
Irrational (sensation, intuition) - reflecting perception
Rational (thinking, feeling) - reflecting reason and judgement
Gordon Allport
proposed the nomothetic approach and the ideographic approach
primary psychopathy traits
personality and emotional deficits
the Dark Triad
Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy
the Dark Tetrad
Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy
and Sadism
secondary psychopathy traits
Disorganized and impulsive lifestyle
who are more likely to be Psychopaths
old men
Characteristic of Narcissism
Grandiosity and Need for admiration
● they have of thinking they are amazing yet worrying that they aren’t
● they don’t know they are narcissists
● can be heritable but is also affect by the enviro
Characteristics Machiavellianism and Psychopathy share
manipulativeness
Lack of Empathy, Exploitativeness, Cynicism
The Dark Triad in the workplace
Machiavellianism and Psychopathy leads poorer performance
All three associated with more Counterproductive Work Behaviour
which of the big five are connected to higher earnings
openness, conscientiousenss, and extroversion
which of the big five are not connected to earnings
neuroticism and agreeanleness
big five and positive work engagement
conscientiouness (all except) nueroticism
big five an positve performance
conscientiouness (all except) nueroticism
big five and acamdeic study
conscientiouness more extroversion and nueroticism less
who are more likly to be Naracisstic
18-20 year olds
what is the closes DSM disoreder corrolated to Psycopathy
antisocial personbality disorder
Characteristics narcissists and Psychopathy share
Lack of Empathy
Characteristics narcissists and Machiavellianism share
Manipulativeness
