W2 History, Methods, Conformity, and Obedience in Psychology Flashcards
Nativism
born with everything you need to survive
Empiricism
born as a blank slate and learn everything
Structuralism
Wundt relationships between parts of the mind not the qualities of the parts
Functionalism
James - identifies the nature and function of aspects of the mind
Behaviourism
Skinner, +/- reinforcement with rats
Watson, little Albert, conditionin
Gestalt
the totality of experience and perception
Humanism defintion
study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual
Psychologists of Humanism
Maslow, hierarchy of needs
Rodgers, person-centred therapy
Personality and body types: Sheldon 20th century
Endomorph - Slow moving, complacent
Mesomorph - Competitive, energetic
Ectomorph - Self-conscious, restrained
Social developmental Psych
Robert Rosenthal, Pygmalion effect, treat a child like they are stupid and they will be
Albert Bandura, aggression and its impact on children’s behaviour
independet varible (IV)
is what we manipulate/change
dependent viarible (DV)
is the one e measure as it is impacted by the IV
Norman Triplett - social facilitation, compition machine
Findings: when someone skilled at a task is observed doing it they perform better.
Sherif - Autokinetic Effect - social conformity and influence - dark room experiment
Findings: participants’ judgements have been influenced in the direction of judgements expressed by others - to a limited extent they have conformed
- Frame of reference developed alone persists in group, but may not be as stable. OR Frame of reference developed in a group may persist when alone.
Asch - Conformity in unambiguous situations, line experiment (visual discrimination)
Findings: Even in unambiguous situations, people are likely to conform to majority influence at least some of the time.
Why do people conform?
Motivation: Wanting to be right or Wanting to make a good impression
Informational Influence
Normative Influence
Different types of conformity
Informational Influence - Conversion
Normative Influence - Compliance
Independent resisters
will just do what every they want and won’t be influenced by the group
Anticonformist resisters
will always go against and do the opposite of what the group does
What affects conformity?
Competing contexts: Private vs Public
Group membership: people feel more conformable doing what others are doing
Consistency within the group Effect of group consistency only applies in unambiguous situations.
Group size: conformity increases up to 3 people but is no longer significant after 4.
Milgram
obedience shock experiment, the influence of the enviro
Findings: those left by themselves saw the least conformity and those with someone else in a position of authority with them conformed the most especially if the other person was acting as a co-teacher and is doing all the shocking instead.
Matching
the tendency to pair up with others with whom they share similar traits.
Homogamy
the phonomena to choose partner who are similar in certain characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, religion, or age.
Introspection
the process of looking inward to observe and reflect upon one’s own mental and emotional experiences. This self-examination can involve a range of activities, such as reflecting on one’s feelings, thoughts, desires, and motivations.
WEIRD
western, eductaed, industrialised, rish, democratic
social psyc
intrapersonal topics of research
relates to the individual
social psyc
interpersonal topics of research
relates to the group
situationism
our behaviour and actions are determined by the immediate envro
dispositionism
our behaviour is determined by internal factores
personailty traits and temperament
Fundamental Attribution error (FAE)
when some attributes another perosn behaviour to an internal trait and not extrenal enviro
not cross-culteral and seen more in WEIRD cultures
The halo effect
to let the overall impression of an idividuals character influence you
thinking attrictive peolpe are inherinetly good.
Actor-Observer Bias
attributing others behaviour to internal factors and not enviro
self-serving Bias
to explain our successes to internal dispostional traist but our failiures to external situational factors
Informational Influence
Conversion
- belief that others are right
- they have changed their own private opinion.
Normative Influence
Compliance
- concern about how they will be perceived
- privately disagreeing.
