W2 History, Methods, Conformity, and Obedience in Psychology

Question 1

Nativism

Answer 1

born with everything you need to survive

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

born as a blank slate and learn everything

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

Wundt relationships between parts of the mind not the qualities of the parts

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

James - identifies the nature and function of aspects of the mind

Question 5

Behaviourism

Answer 5

Skinner, +/- reinforcement with rats
Watson, little Albert, conditionin

Question 6

Gestalt

Answer 6

the totality of experience and perception

Question 7

Humanism defintion

Answer 7

study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual

Question 8

Psychologists of Humanism

Answer 8

Maslow, hierarchy of needs
Rodgers, person-centred therapy

Question 9

Personality and body types: Sheldon 20th century

Answer 9

Endomorph - Slow moving, complacent
Mesomorph - Competitive, energetic
Ectomorph - Self-conscious, restrained

Question 10

Social developmental Psych

Answer 10

Robert Rosenthal, Pygmalion effect, treat a child like they are stupid and they will be
Albert Bandura, aggression and its impact on children’s behaviour

Question 11

independet varible (IV)

Answer 11

is what we manipulate/change

Question 12

dependent viarible (DV)

Answer 12

is the one e measure as it is impacted by the IV

Question 13

Norman Triplett - social facilitation, compition machine

Answer 13

Findings: when someone skilled at a task is observed doing it they perform better.

Question 14

Sherif - Autokinetic Effect - social conformity and influence - dark room experiment

Answer 14

Findings: participants’ judgements have been influenced in the direction of judgements expressed by others - to a limited extent they have conformed

- Frame of reference developed alone persists in group, but may not be as stable. OR Frame of reference developed in a group may persist when alone.

Question 15

Asch - Conformity in unambiguous situations, line experiment (visual discrimination)

Answer 15

Findings: Even in unambiguous situations, people are likely to conform to majority influence at least some of the time.

Question 16

Why do people conform?

Answer 16

Motivation: Wanting to be right or Wanting to make a good impression

Informational Influence
Normative Influence

Question 17

Different types of conformity

Answer 17

Informational Influence - Conversion
Normative Influence - Compliance

Question 18

Independent resisters

Answer 18

will just do what every they want and won’t be influenced by the group

Question 19

Anticonformist resisters

Answer 19

will always go against and do the opposite of what the group does

Question 20

What affects conformity?

Answer 20

Competing contexts: Private vs Public

Group membership: people feel more conformable doing what others are doing

Consistency within the group Effect of group consistency only applies in unambiguous situations.

Group size: conformity increases up to 3 people but is no longer significant after 4.

Question 21

Milgram

Answer 21

obedience shock experiment, the influence of the enviro

Findings: those left by themselves saw the least conformity and those with someone else in a position of authority with them conformed the most especially if the other person was acting as a co-teacher and is doing all the shocking instead.

Question 22

Matching

Answer 22

the tendency to pair up with others with whom they share similar traits.

Question 23

Homogamy

Answer 23

the phonomena to choose partner who are similar in certain characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, religion, or age.

Question 24

Introspection

Answer 24

the process of looking inward to observe and reflect upon one’s own mental and emotional experiences. This self-examination can involve a range of activities, such as reflecting on one’s feelings, thoughts, desires, and motivations.

Question 25

WEIRD

Answer 25

western, eductaed, industrialised, rish, democratic

Question 26

social psyc
intrapersonal topics of research

Answer 26

relates to the individual

Question 27

social psyc
interpersonal topics of research

Answer 27

relates to the group

Question 28

situationism

Answer 28

our behaviour and actions are determined by the immediate envro

Question 29

dispositionism

Answer 29

our behaviour is determined by internal factores

personailty traits and temperament

Question 30

Fundamental Attribution error (FAE)

Answer 30

when some attributes another perosn behaviour to an internal trait and not extrenal enviro

not cross-culteral and seen more in WEIRD cultures

Question 31

The halo effect

Answer 31

to let the overall impression of an idividuals character influence you

thinking attrictive peolpe are inherinetly good.

Question 32

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 32

attributing others behaviour to internal factors and not enviro

Question 33

self-serving Bias

Answer 33

to explain our successes to internal dispostional traist but our failiures to external situational factors

Question 34

Informational Influence

Answer 34

Conversion
- belief that others are right
- they have changed their own private opinion.

Question 35

Normative Influence

Answer 35

Compliance
- concern about how they will be perceived
- privately disagreeing.