W4 Ethics and Integrity, social Loafing and Prosociality, Burnout and PTSD Flashcards

1
Q

The four ‘bioethical’ principles - for anything considered sentient

A
  1. Respect for autonomy - respect for have free will
  2. Beneficence - doing it for good
  3. non-maleficence - avoid causing harm
  4. Justice - do the benefits outweigh the costs
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2
Q

Respect for autonomy

A

respect for have free will

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3
Q

Beneficence

A

doing it for good

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4
Q

non-maleficence

A

avoid causing harm

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5
Q

Justice

A

do the benefits outweigh the costs

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6
Q

Ringelmann (1913) - Inhibition of group performance, tug of war experiment

A

Result: force exerted per person decreased as function of group size – the Ringelmann effect

Three test groups
- Base line group - individual pull
- Real group - all pulling as much as they can - did the worst the more people were added
- Pseudo group - only one person is doing any real pulling

Social loafing (bystander effect)
- Occurs constituently across cultures and situations.

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7
Q

Latane and Rodin - waiting room experiment with injury

A

Groups:
- On their own - 70% helped
- With a friend - 40% - 70% helped
- With confederate strangers - 7% helped

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8
Q

Latane and Darley - waiting room experiment with smoke

A

Groups:
- alone - 75% took positive action
- with two strangers - 38% took positive action
- with confederates - 10% took positive action

Conclusion: the presence of others inhibits people’s response in an emergency – the more people, the slower the response

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9
Q

Factors contributing to this ‘bystander effect

A

Diffusion of Responsibility – Similar to social loafing – the presence of others provides an
opportunity to transfer the responsibility to act onto someone else. The more someone-else’s there are, the greater the diffusion.

Audience inhibition– The presence of others makes people self-conscious of an intended
action (sometimes referred to as ‘fear of social blunders’)

Social Influence – Other onlookers serve as models for action. If others seem unworried then
one may assume the situation to be less serious than if others were clearly concerned.

Strangers vs friends – if other onlookers are strangers then helping is inhibited (communication is slower)

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10
Q

A cognitive model of helping

A

Attend to what’s happening + Define event as emergency + Assume responsibility + Decide what to do = give help

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11
Q

Symptoms of Burnout

A

Emotional Exhaustion
Depersonalization
Reduced Personal Accomplishment

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12
Q

Causes of Burnout

A
  1. Workload…
  2. Perceived lack of control
  3. Reward
  4. Community
  5. Fairness
  6. Values mismatch
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13
Q

Causes of PTSD

A

Exposed to “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.”

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14
Q

Treatment for PTSD

A
  • Medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiolytics)
    Talk therapies (prolonged exposure, trauma-focussed CBT, EMDR)
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15
Q

ethics principles

A
  1. informed consent
  2. privacy
  3. risks and benefits
  4. deception
  5. debrifing
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