W5 Lymphatic System

Question 1

where is the spleen found

Answer 1

left upper abdomen

Question 2

how is the spleen tissue identified as

Answer 2

dark red pulp with white nodule pulp

Question 3

what are the 4 functions of the spleen

Answer 3

1) production of immunological responses for blood
2) removal of aged cells esp RBCs
3) recycling iron to bone marrow
4) ensures Haematopoiesis is normal in fetus

Question 4

what spleen looks like on H + E

Answer 4

red pulp = small red dots
white pulp = purple spots

Question 5

what is white pulp of the spleen

Answer 5

where lymphoid aggregate

Question 6

what is red pulp of the spleen

Answer 6

bulk of splenic tissue

Question 7

what do b cells form in white pulp

Answer 7

follicles at edge of central artery

Question 8

what stain is used to view b cells forming a follicle

Answer 8

CD20

Question 9

which artey supplies the spleen with blood

Answer 9

splenic artery

Question 10

what are splenic central arteries surround by

Answer 10

PALs

Question 11

what is found on the terminal ends of splenic artery branches

Answer 11

sheathed capillaries

Question 12

what is blood filtered through before entering RP in spleen arteries

Answer 12

marcophages

Question 13

what are the job of red pulp in spleen

Answer 13

sinuses that drain into splenic vein and remove old RBCs

Question 14

what are sinuses of red plulp lined with

Answer 14

endothelial cells

Question 15

what are the functions of the lymph nodes

Answer 15

• filtration of lumphatic fluid
• processing antigens
• begin immune response
• activation of b + T cells
• mature B cells to plasma cells

Question 16

how is LN histologically described as

Answer 16

aggregates of lymphocyres organised in a closed off dense capsule

Question 17

where does the vasulcar supply of LN enter

Answer 17

hilum

Question 18

where do lymphocytes, APCs + antigens pass through to enter nodes

Answer 18

subcapsular sinus

Question 19

where are the lymphoid follicles found

Answer 19

in the superficial cortex

Question 20

how are sendocary follicles of LN identified

Answer 20

pale geminal centre for active immune response

Question 21

what is the germinal centre (GC) made of

Answer 21

dividing B cells

Question 22

what are centroblasts (CB)

Answer 22

mitotically active cells found in darker zone of GC

Question 23

what are centrocytes (CC)

Answer 23

produce immunoblasts found in paler zone of GC

Question 24

what is the CB closer to

Answer 24

medulla

Question 25

what are CC closer to

Answer 25

capsule

Question 26

what are paracortex

Answer 26

mainly T cells that transform into immunoblasts

Question 27

what are immunoblasts

Answer 27

produce activated T cells

Question 28

what is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Answer 28

lymphoid tissue around the body at muscosal surfaces

Question 29

where are peyer patches found

Answer 29

lympoid follicles around ileum of small intestine

Question 30

where is the thymus located in the body

Answer 30

anterioer mediastinum

Question 31

what does the thymus do

Answer 31

development and proliferation of T cells

Question 32

what does the structure of the thymus look like

Answer 32

made of lobdules occupied by T lymphocytes

Question 33

what is the structure of each lobule

Answer 33

outer cortex inner medulla

Question 34

whats the main diff between infant and adult thymus

Answer 34

adult thymus has more adipose tissue between lobule

Question 35

where do T cells enter thymus

Answer 35

the cortico-medullary junction

Question 36

where do mature T cells between cloning

Answer 36

outer cortex

Question 37

what are Hassall corpuscles in thymic medulla

Answer 37

groups of keratinised cells

Question 38

what are white blood cells (WBC) known as

Answer 38

leucocytes

Question 39

which cells are a part of the MPS

Answer 39

monocytes, macrophages dendritic cells

Question 40

what is Haematopoiesis

Answer 40

process of blood cell formation

Question 41

where does Haematopoiesis occur in the body

Answer 41

bone marrow in axial skeleton

Question 42

whats the role of the B cell receptor (BCR)

Answer 42

binds to antigen to activate B cell with T helper cell

Question 43

what happens when a B cells is activated

Answer 43

undergo mitosis to mature into plasma cells and release antibodies

Question 44

what do monocytes do

Answer 44

pahgocytic cells which ingest cell debris

Question 45

which WBC is the largest

Answer 45

monocytes

Question 46

how are monocytes identified under H+E

Answer 46

dented kidney bean shape nuclei

Question 47

how are macrophages formed

Answer 47

from differentiated monocytes

Question 48

what do dendritic cells do

Answer 48

process antigenic material and present on cell surface of T cell

Question 49

what does the innate immune system do

Answer 49

provides rapid response to toxins

Question 50

what immune system is MPS apart of

Answer 50

innate

Question 51

what does the Innate immune response result in

Answer 51

inflammation

Question 52

what does the adaptive immune system do

Answer 52

allows for lifelong immunity and memory of pathogens

Question 53

what are the 2 types of lymphocyte attacks

Answer 53

humoural (b cells) cellular (t cells)

Question 54

what cells are responsible for innate immune responses

Answer 54

phagocytes and macrophages

Question 55

whatis a kupffer cell

Answer 55

macrophages in the liver

Question 56

what is a macrophage

Answer 56

cell which is a part of phagocytosis and APC

Question 57

what is the common macrophage marker

Answer 57

CD68

Question 58

what are tissue macrohages in CNS

Answer 58

microglia

Question 59

whats the concern for brown alveolar macrophage

Answer 59

blood had entered to lungs

Question 60

what do osteoblasts do in bones

Answer 60

influence Ca2+ in blood

Question 61

what happens in the light zone

Answer 61

b cells interact with T cells cell fate determination