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Tissue Biology > W3 GI tract > Flashcards

W3 GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

where does the stoamach join the oesophagus

A

at the gastroesophageal junction

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2
Q

what is the most proximal part of the stomach

A

cardia

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3
Q

what is the roof of the stomach

A

fundus

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4
Q

what are the 2 most distal part of the stomach

A

pylorus and antrum

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5
Q

what are the folds of the stomach called

A

rugae

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6
Q

what are the 4 layers of the stomach

A

mucsosa
submucsosa
muscularis externa
serosa

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7
Q

what is the mucsosa

A

outer surface with epithelium

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8
Q

what is the submucsosa

A

connective tissue and blood/lympth vessels

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9
Q

what is the muscularis externa

A

3 layers of smooth muscle fibres

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10
Q

what is the serosa

A

a membrane on the outside the stomach

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11
Q

what is the serosa of the small intestine called

A

mesothelium

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12
Q

what are peyer patches in small intestine

A

immune follicles in the submucosa of the distal ileum

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13
Q

how is the oesophagus lined

A

squamous

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14
Q

which layer sits under the epithelial layer of oesophagus

A

lamina propria

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15
Q

where does the majority of proliferation occur

A

basal layer

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16
Q

what is the sub mucosa

A

small mucus secreting glands

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17
Q

are gland bases columnar or squamos

A

columnar

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18
Q

when does the mucosa change into a glandular secretory

A

at the junction of oesophagus and stomach

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19
Q

what do gastric cardia produce

A

mucus + lysozyme

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20
Q

what muscin do foveolar cells secrete

A

muc5ac

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21
Q

what mucins do mucous secreting cells secrte

A

muc6

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22
Q

what is secreted in fundus mucosa

A

acid and pepsin

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23
Q

what are foveolar cells also known as

24
Q

where are stem cells found in gastric glands

A

isthmus and neck of stomach

25
Q

how are mucous neck cells found as

A

clusters in neck of gastric glands

26
Q

what do mucous neck cells secrete

A

trefoil factor 2

27
Q

which cells produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

28
Q

where are parietal cells found

A

upper half of gastric glands

29
Q

what is a main feature of parietal cells

A

large amounts of mitochondria

30
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

31
Q

what is pepsinogen converted to

32
Q

what type of enzyme is pepsin

A

proteolytic enzyme

33
Q

which cells secrete hormones

A

neurodendocrine cells

34
Q

what does gastrin do (g cell)

A

activate parietal cells

35
Q

what does somatostatin (D cell) do

A

inhibits release of gastrin

36
Q

what are enterocytes

A

absorptive epithelial cells

37
Q

what do glycocalyx do

A

produce acidic mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins

38
Q

what do goblet cells do

A

secrete mucins like muc2
mostly found in crypt

39
Q

what are paneth cells

A

densely packed granules that produce lysozymes

40
Q

what are APUD cells

A

types pf endocrine cell types

41
Q

what stain is used for neuroendocrine cells

A

chromogranin A

42
Q

what does brunners gland do

A

produces alkaline mucus to neutralise stomach acid

43
Q

how is brunner gland described as

A

compound tubular mucous glands

44
Q

where is brunners gland found

A

submucosa of duodenum

45
Q

what are 3 diff between duodenum and rest of small GI

A

has brunners glands
longer villi
more goblet cells

46
Q

where are the majority of peyer patches found

47
Q

what is the muscularis propria layer described ss

A

longitudinal and circular

48
Q

where does the large intestine join the ileum of small intestine

A

ileocaecal junction

49
Q

what is the appendix

A

tubular sac attached to caecum
part of intestine
contain lymphoid tissue

50
Q

what does the colon do in the large intestine

A

thick muscular wall for the recovery of water
absorption and mucus secreting cells

51
Q

what type of epithelium is the anal canal

A

stratified squamous

52
Q

what is rue skeletal muscle around the anal canal

A

anal sphincter

53
Q

what is the rectum

A

distal part of large bowel

54
Q

which cell type is more commonly found in the rectal mucosa

A

goblet cells

55
Q

what is the meissner plexus

A

network of unmyelinated nerves
part of peripheral nervous system

56
Q

what is auerbach plexus

A

regulation of contractions between circular and longitudinal layers of muscle

Tissue Biology (5 decks)

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