W3 GI tract

Question 1

where does the stoamach join the oesophagus

Answer 1

at the gastroesophageal junction

Question 2

what is the most proximal part of the stomach

Answer 2

cardia

Question 3

what is the roof of the stomach

Answer 3

fundus

Question 4

what are the 2 most distal part of the stomach

Answer 4

pylorus and antrum

Question 5

what are the folds of the stomach called

Answer 5

rugae

Question 6

what are the 4 layers of the stomach

Answer 6

mucsosa
submucsosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 7

what is the mucsosa

Answer 7

outer surface with epithelium

Question 8

what is the submucsosa

Answer 8

connective tissue and blood/lympth vessels

Question 9

what is the muscularis externa

Answer 9

3 layers of smooth muscle fibres

Question 10

what is the serosa

Answer 10

a membrane on the outside the stomach

Question 11

what is the serosa of the small intestine called

Answer 11

mesothelium

Question 12

what are peyer patches in small intestine

Answer 12

immune follicles in the submucosa of the distal ileum

Question 13

how is the oesophagus lined

Answer 13

squamous

Question 14

which layer sits under the epithelial layer of oesophagus

Answer 14

lamina propria

Question 15

where does the majority of proliferation occur

Answer 15

basal layer

Question 16

what is the sub mucosa

Answer 16

small mucus secreting glands

Question 17

are gland bases columnar or squamos

Answer 17

columnar

Question 18

when does the mucosa change into a glandular secretory

Answer 18

at the junction of oesophagus and stomach

Question 19

what do gastric cardia produce

Answer 19

mucus + lysozyme

Question 20

what muscin do foveolar cells secrete

Answer 20

muc5ac

Question 21

what mucins do mucous secreting cells secrte

Answer 21

muc6

Question 22

what is secreted in fundus mucosa

Answer 22

acid and pepsin

Question 23

what are foveolar cells also known as

Answer 23

pit cel;s

Question 24

where are stem cells found in gastric glands

Answer 24

isthmus and neck of stomach

Question 25

how are mucous neck cells found as

Answer 25

clusters in neck of gastric glands

Question 26

what do mucous neck cells secrete

Answer 26

trefoil factor 2

Question 27

which cells produce hydrochloric acid

Answer 27

parietal cells

Question 28

where are parietal cells found

Answer 28

upper half of gastric glands

Question 29

what is a main feature of parietal cells

Answer 29

large amounts of mitochondria

Question 30

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 30

pepsinogen

Question 31

what is pepsinogen converted to

Answer 31

pepsin

Question 32

what type of enzyme is pepsin

Answer 32

proteolytic enzyme

Question 33

which cells secrete hormones

Answer 33

neurodendocrine cells

Question 34

what does gastrin do (g cell)

Answer 34

activate parietal cells

Question 35

what does somatostatin (D cell) do

Answer 35

inhibits release of gastrin

Question 36

what are enterocytes

Answer 36

absorptive epithelial cells

Question 37

what do glycocalyx do

Answer 37

produce acidic mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins

Question 38

what do goblet cells do

Answer 38

secrete mucins like muc2 mostly found in crypt

Question 39

what are paneth cells

Answer 39

densely packed granules that produce lysozymes

Question 40

what are APUD cells

Answer 40

types pf endocrine cell types

Question 41

what stain is used for neuroendocrine cells

Answer 41

chromogranin A

Question 42

what does brunners gland do

Answer 42

produces alkaline mucus to neutralise stomach acid

Question 43

how is brunner gland described as

Answer 43

compound tubular mucous glands

Question 44

where is brunners gland found

Answer 44

submucosa of duodenum

Question 45

what are 3 diff between duodenum and rest of small GI

Answer 45

has brunners glands longer villi more goblet cells

Question 46

where are the majority of peyer patches found

Answer 46

ileum

Question 47

what is the muscularis propria layer described ss

Answer 47

longitudinal and circular

Question 48

where does the large intestine join the ileum of small intestine

Answer 48

ileocaecal junction

Question 49

what is the appendix

Answer 49

tubular sac attached to caecum part of intestine contain lymphoid tissue

Question 50

what does the colon do in the large intestine

Answer 50

thick muscular wall for the recovery of water absorption and mucus secreting cells

Question 51

what type of epithelium is the anal canal

Answer 51

stratified squamous

Question 52

what is rue skeletal muscle around the anal canal

Answer 52

anal sphincter

Question 53

what is the rectum

Answer 53

distal part of large bowel

Question 54

which cell type is more commonly found in the rectal mucosa

Answer 54

goblet cells

Question 55

what is the meissner plexus

Answer 55

network of unmyelinated nerves part of peripheral nervous system

Question 56

what is auerbach plexus

Answer 56

regulation of contractions between circular and longitudinal layers of muscle