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Tissue Biology > W6 Liver + Pancreas > Flashcards

W6 Liver + Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

where is the liver found

A

-right upper quadrant of abdomen
-5th intercostal space
-below rib cage

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2
Q

which vein does blood leave the liver

A

hepatic vein to VC

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3
Q

which artery does the heart supply blood to the liver from

A

hepatic artery

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4
Q

which artery does the GIT supply blood to the liver from

A

portal vein

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5
Q

4 functions of the liver

A

fat metabolism
carbs metabolism
protein metabolism
storage

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6
Q

how does the liver metabolise fat

A

oxidise triglycerides
synthesise cholesterol

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7
Q

how does the liver metabolise carbs

A

convert carbs + proteins to FA and triglycerides

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8
Q

how does the liver metabolise proteins

A

synthesise plasma proteins + non essential AA

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9
Q

what does the live store

A

glycogen
iron
vitamins

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10
Q

whats the main known function of the liver

A

detox alcohol
secrete bile

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11
Q

what are hepatocytes

A

large epithelial cells with round nuclei

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12
Q

what are commonly found in liver cells

A

binucleate cells

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13
Q

how is the liver organised

A

into lobules

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14
Q

what are liver lobdules made up of

A

hepatic sinusoids

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15
Q

what are the function of hepatic sinusoids

A

allow blood to come in contact with hepatocytes

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16
Q

how does blood reach the central hepatic vein

A

from portal vein to hepatic artery to portal tract

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17
Q

which cells receive the lowest amount of O2

A

hepatocytes

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18
Q

whats the job of the space of disse

A

drain lymphatics to portal tract along sinusoid lumen

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19
Q

what are kupffer cells

A

large plump cells in sinusoids

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20
Q

what do hepatic stellate cells do

A

fat storage and produce ECM + collagen

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21
Q

what is bile produced by

A

hepatocytes

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22
Q

what do bile canaliculi fuse to form

A

canals of hering

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23
Q

whats bile for

A

helps lipid digestion in small intestinew

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24
Q

where is bile secreted to

A

cancaliculi

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25
what is the common bile duct made of
cystic duct and common hepatic ductw
26
what does the common bile duct drain
gall bladder
27
what is the gall bladder lined with
simple columnar epithelium
28
when is CCK released in duodenum
in presence of lipids
29
What does the exocrine gland of the pancreas do
Excrete enzymes
30
where is the pituitary gland found
sella turcica
31
what is the posterioer section of pituitary
neuroectoderm
32
what is the anterior section of pituitary
oral ectoderm
33
where is the anterior part of pituitary derived from
rathke pouch
34
which part pf the brain controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
35
which hormones affect endocrine tissues
TSH LH FSH
36
which 2 hormones are released by the posterior hypothalamus
ADH oxytocin
37
where do ADH and oxytocin travel through
hypothalamo hypophyseal tract in pituitary stalk
38
where are herring bodies found
end of non myelinated axons
39
what are herring bodies for
storing ADH and oxytocin
40
what are the 3 parts of the anterior pituitary
par distalis par tubularis pars intermedia
41
what are the 2 cells types of anterior pituitary
dark stain chromophils pale stain chromophobes
42
what are the 2 chromophils
basophils and acidophils
43
what does the pars intermedia do
thin epithelial ayer that separates anterior and posterior pituitary
44
what is used to stain pars intermedia
isamine blue
45
what does the MSH hormone do
stimulate melanocytes to release melanin
46
how does the hypothalamus regulate thyroid
releases TRH
47
how does TRH regulate thyroid
stimulate anterior pituitary to release TSH
48
which hormones regulate metabolism
T3/4
49
what is the precursor of T3+4
thyroglobulin
50
which hormone regulates calcium levels
calcitonim
51
what does the thyroid gland look like when inactive
remains in the colloid follicular cells are flattened
52
what does the thyroid gland look like when active
endocytosis of colloid into follicular cells break down of thyroglobulin to release T3/4 follicular cells arent flatterned
53
what cells produces calcitonim
C cells in clumps between follicles
54
what is the thyroid gland made up of histologically
follicles
55
what does calcitonim do
decrease Ca2+ absorption decrease osteoblast activity
56
where is thyroglobulin stored
colloid
57
whats the difference between thyroid and parathyroid gland
no follicles or colloid
58
what hormone parathyroid gland release
PTH
59
what does PTH do
stimulate osteoclasts to break down bone to release Ca2+
60
what are the 2 cells types of parathyroid
chief cells oxyphil cells
61
how are chief cells stained
small dark nuclei
62
how are oxyphil cells stained
large pink cytoplasm
63
which cells in parathyroid secrete PTH
chief cells
64
how is the parathyroid gland highly vascular
lots of capillaries to get hormones into blood stream
65
whats the main role of the adrenal cortex
secrete steroid hormones
66
what does the zona glomerulosa produce
mineralocorticoids
67
what does the zona fasciculata release
glucocorticoids
68
what does the zona reticularis release
adrenal sex hormones
69
how is zona fasciculata stained
pale cytoplasm
70
whats the difference between zona reticularis vs fasciculata
irregular group of cells and less cytoplasm
71
what cell type is the medulla of adrenal gland made of
chromaffin cells
72
how are chromaffin cells arranged
in clusters around medullary vein
73
what 2 hormones do chromaffin release
epinephrine norepinephrine
74
what is the medulla described as
very basophilic
75
what are the 3 types of cells in the islet of langerhans
76
what does a cells release
glucagon
77
what does the b cells release
insulin
78
what do the d cells release
somatostatin
79
how are islet of lagerhans cells stained
IHC
80
where is the pineal gland found
behind cerebellum
81
what does the pineal gland do
synthesise melatonin
82
what are the 2 cells types in pineal gland
pinealocytes neuroglial cells
83
what does the gastrointestinal system release
gastrin secretin somatostatin
84
what does the respiratory system release
serotonin calcitonin bombesin
85
what are the endocrine gland of the pancreas made of
islet of langerhans
86
what does secretin do
promotes secretion of watery fluid in bicarbonate
87
what does secretin do
promotes secretion of watery fluid in bicarbonate
88
what does CCK do
stimulate pancreatic fluid
89
what does gastrin do
also secretes pancreatic fluid
90
what is pancreatic juice made of
sodium bicarbonate
91
what are proenzymes
zymogens
92
where is trypsinogen activated by
enteropeptidase
93

Tissue Biology (10 decks)

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