W4 Kidneys Flashcards
what is the urinary system made of
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
what blood vessel does unfiltered blood enter through
renal artery
which blood vessel does filtered blood leave from
renal vein
what does the medulla in kidney do
regulates conc of urine
what is the job of cortex of kidney
where filtration begins and where the nephron starts
what is the job of the capsule of the kidney
made of connective tissue supported by stromal cells to preserve hydrostatic pressure
what does the nephron do
production of urine
where does ultrafiltration occur
renal corpuscle
which 2 ducts of renal tubules are found in renal cortex
PCT
DCT
where is the loop of henle found
mostly in the medulla
what are long nephron’s called
juxtamedulliary
what are short nephron’s called
cortical
how does the afferent arteriole react to pressure
at low pressure renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 to constrict arteriole
where is renin stored
granules of smooth muscles cells
what does the production of angiotensins do
increase blood pressure
what is the renal corpusle made of
glomerulus
bowmans capsule
vascular pole
urinary pole
what is the glomerulus made of
capillaries lined by endothelial cells
what is the outer parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
simple squamous epithelium
what is the inner visceral layer of bowman’s capsule
podocytes
what occurs at the vascular pole
afferent arterioles become efferent arterioles
what happens at urinary pole
where ultrafiltrate leaves bowman’s capsule to PCT
how is the bowmans capsule positioned
surrounds the glomerulus
what is glomerulus comprised of
afferent and efferent arterioles
what do podocytes do
filtration of blood due to thin membrane
how is the epithelium of bowman’s capsule described as
simple squamous
what happens between bowmans space
where urine is collected
whats the role of the mesangial cells
sit among the capillaries to act as support for capillaries and podocytes
regulates glomerular filtration rate
what co messngial cells form for the glomerulus
mesangium
what does the mesangial cells secrete
cytokines
prostaglandin
what does the glomerular capillaries prevent from entering
RBCs
what does macula densa do
sodium sensing for DCT
what do juxtaglomerular cells do
secrete renin
histology wise how is the DC and PC diff
PC has a denser lumen than DC
where does the filtrate flow into after PCT
into loop of henle
whats the main job of the loop of henle
reabs of water and sodium chloride from filtrate
what does the PCT have that DCT doesnt
brush border for higher SA
what type of epithelial is the thick descending limb
simple cuboidal
what type of epithelial is the thin descending limb
simple squamous
what type of epithelial is the thin ascending limb
simple squamous
what type of epithelial is the thick ascending limb
simple cuboidal
what is the counter current multiplier system in the kidney for
maintaining Na+ and Cl- gradients around loop of henle
what does the DCT absorb
sodium chloride and calcium
what organelle does PCT has more than DCT
mitochondria
what cells is the collecting duct made of
intercalated cells and principal cells
functions of saliva
lubrication
what is xeroxtomia
reduced saliva production
how much water is saliva made of
99.5%
what do minor salivary glands do
always secreting some mucus for saliva
how are secretory cells arranged
in small clusters called acinus
what is mucin in saliva
proteins with lots of glucose on them
MUC5B and MUC7
how are striated ducts identified
branched ducts
which are the largest salivary duct
interlobular duct
what is a tubuloacinar gland
an exocrine gland with acinar and tubular units
