W4 -Salivary Glands

Question 1

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

Answer 1

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 2

The parotid is the largest and produces 30% of the saliva, what is the main duct used in the parotid after the secretion has passed through the intercalated ducts?

Answer 2

Stensen duct

Question 3

Submandibular is the second largest and sits on the oral cavity, it accounts for 60% of saliva, what os the main excretory duct in the submandibular?

Answer 3

Wharton duct

Question 4

Sublingual gland is the smallest and produces around 5% of saliva, where is it positioned?

Answer 4

Beneath mucous membrane in floor of mouth

Question 5

Other than the parotid/submandibular/sublingual glands what else produce saliva continuously under local control? (either always on or always off)

Answer 5

Several minor salivary glands

Question 6

What do the major glands secrete saliva in response to?

Answer 6

Parasympathetic activity - physical, chemical and physiological

Question 7

What 4 things are within saliva?

Answer 7

Mucous, enzymes, antibodies and inorganic ions

Question 8

What determines the overall composition of saliva?

Answer 8

What gland is most active

Question 9

What are the 6 functions of saliva?

Answer 9

Lubrication, buffering, maintains tooth integrity, antibacterial function, taste and digestion

Question 10

There are two mucins involved in the lubrication in the oral cavity/oesophagus produced by the salivary glands, MG1 and MG2, what differentiates them from each other?

Answer 10

MG1 - high molecular weight and high glycosylation, MG2 - low molecular weight and low glycosylation

Question 11

In terms of the antibacterial function, what do MG1 and MG2 do to maintain tooth integrity?

Answer 11

They bind to teeth to prevent bacteria attaching to the enamel

Question 12

Saliva has a role in taste and digestion too, what is this?

Answer 12

Activates the taste buds

Question 13

Does para/sym stimulation provoke lots of saliva or small/no flow?

Answer 13

Para - lots of saliva, Symp - small (rich in protein)/no flow

Question 14

Para innervation of salivary glands is via cranial nerves, what nerves control the parotid/subman/subling glands (still looking at para innervation)?

Answer 14

Parotid - glossopharyngeal, Subman/ling - both by facial nerve

Question 15

What ganglion does the glossopharyngeal nerve and facial nerve to innervate the glands?

Answer 15

Glosso - otic ganglion, Facial - submandibular ganglion

Question 16

Sympathetic innervation takes place via the???

Answer 16

Preganglionic nerves

Question 17

During salivary secretion what happens to the blood flow and ultrafiltration from the plasma?

Answer 17

Blood flow around secretory acini increases and ultrafiltration enters the acini

Question 18

Filtrate from the cells enter the lumen of the acinar cells, what does this mix with to create the primary secretion?

Answer 18

Mucus and alpha amylase

Question 19

The primary secretion is modified as it passes through the ducts into the mouth, what is the enzyme that is added from the ebner glands of the tongue to the saliva once it’s in the mouth?

Answer 19

Lingual lipase

Question 20

What structure does the salivary secretory unit consist of that are composed of serous or mucous secretory cells or both?

Answer 20

Terminal, branched, tubulo-acinar structure

Question 21

Serous cells often form semilunar caps in mixed secretory units, what are these called?

Answer 21

Serous demilunes

Question 22

The terminal secretory units merge to form ??? which are lined by secretory cells and drain into ???

Answer 22

Intercalated ducts, striated ducts

Question 23

Serous cells have zymogen granules and their nuclei are basally located + rounded, what do they produce?

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Mucous cells have mucigen granules and produce mucus, where are their nuclei found?

Answer 24

Flattened against the BM

Question 25

Salivary glands can have adipocytes are divided into many lobules, what are these divided by?

Answer 25

Fibrous septae

Question 26

Myoepithelial cells are support cells and surround the acini to force secretions from the ???? into the ???

Answer 26

Acinar lumen to the duct system

Question 27

Where are excretory ducts found and alongside what?

Answer 27

In fibrous septae and alongside arteries/veins

Question 28

Striated ducts are lined by tall columnar cells with darge nuclei, what is it that causes the basal cytoplasm to appear striated?

Answer 28

Basal interdigitations of adjacent cells and columns of mitochondria

Question 29

PArotid glands are mainly serous cells and have large striated ducts to convert saliva to hypotonic solution, what is secreted (what is it rich in)?

Answer 29

Thin watery secretion rich in enzymes and antibodies

Question 30

The striated ducts extend the area of membrane available for water/ion exchange, the duct epithelium also secretes???

Answer 30

Lysozyme and immunoglobin

Question 31

Submandibular glands consist of a mix of serous/mucous cells and have serous demilunes, what are their secretory units called?

Answer 31

Seromucous secretory units

Question 32

One of the enzymes produced by serous cells is amylase, what does this breakdown?

Answer 32

Starch

Question 33

Mucous cells secrete mucin this aids in lubrication of the food bolus as it travels through the ???

Answer 33

Oesophagus

Question 34

Sublingual glands ate mainly composed of mucous cells, the ductal system has no striated ducts, where does the secretion exit?

Answer 34

8-20 excretory ducts

Question 35

Myoepithelial cells have long processes that extend around the acinus, where are the myo cells located?

Answer 35

BEtween basal plasma membrane of secretory cells and the BM

Question 36

What is the cell composition like in the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 36

Parotid - mainly serous, Submand - mixture, Subling - mainly mucous cells