W1 - Intro to Histology

Question 1

Does haematoxylin/eosin bind to +ve/-ve tissue components?

Answer 1

Haematoxylin - negative, eosin - positive

Question 2

Is haematoxylin a basic/acidic dye?

Answer 2

Basic

Question 3

Is eosin a basic/acidic dye?

Answer 3

Acidic

Question 4

What 3 -ve things does haematoxylin bind to?

Answer 4

Nuclear chromatin, cytoplasmic RNA, certain extracellular proteins (e.g. cartilage)

Question 5

What 2 +ve things does eosin bind to?

Answer 5

Most extracellular protein fibres and cytoplasmic proteins

Question 6

What colour is haematoxylin in a microscope image?

Answer 6

Blue (shows nuclei)

Question 7

What colour is eosin in a microscope image?

Answer 7

Pink/red (rest of cell)

Question 8

What tags does immunohistochemistry use to identify proteins?

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

What colours indicate immunohistochemistry?

Answer 9

Blue and brown

Question 10

How to tell the difference between HP and LP on a H+E stain?

Answer 10

HP is when you can see the individual cells/nuclei, LP you will see the large sections/general layers of the tissue

Question 11

What is the difference between what SEM and TEM show?

Answer 11

SEM - outside 3D structures, TEM - inside 2D images

Question 12

What is the definition of a tissue?

Answer 12

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function

Question 13

What are the five types of tissue?

Answer 13

Blood, epithelia, nervous, muscle, connective

Question 14

What is the definition of an organ?

Answer 14

Collection of tissues that perform a specific function together

Question 15

Nervous, muscular, cardiovascular and skeletal systems are the 4 main systems. What are the other 6?

Answer 15

Lymphatic, urinary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, respiratory

Question 16

What does the skeletal system create for the muscular system?

Answer 16

Structure and anchor points for the muscles

Question 17

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 17

Coordinates bodily functions by creating a communication network

Question 18

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Regulates the body’s defences

Question 19

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 19

Eliminates waste and balances electrolites

Question 20

Why are the digestive and respiratory systems important?

Answer 20

Provide energy

Question 21

What is the job of the endocrine system?

Answer 21

Regulates hormones

Question 22

What is the definition of a system in biology?

Answer 22

Group of organs working together to carry out a function

Question 23

What is the definition of a cell?

Answer 23

The fundamental unit of human life

Question 24

What normal look like is…

Answer 24

Histology

Question 25

What disease looks like is…

Answer 25

Pathology

Question 26

How normal functions is…

Answer 26

Physiology

Question 27

Where is the additional magnification in a microscope that’s not always considered?

Answer 27

In the eyepiece (x10)

Question 28

What is LP and HP on a light microscope?

Answer 28

LP = x4, HP = x40

Question 29

List the steps of tissue embedding

Answer 29

Dehydration, clearing, infiltration w/ wax

Question 30

What does clearing tissues with a solvent thats miscible with alcohol and paraffin wax do?

Answer 30

Removes alcohol and allows tissue to be infiltrated with the paraffin wax

Question 31

What feature of the solvent allows the purpose of clearing to occur?

Answer 31

It is miscible with both the alcohol and the paraffin wax

Question 32

What stain is used on resin sections?

Answer 32

Toluidine blue

Question 33

What are the 3 steps after embedding?

Answer 33

Sectioning, mounting, staining

Question 34

How thick are the sections cut using a microtome?

Answer 34

0.004mm thick (4 micrometres)

Question 35

What occurs during mounting?

Answer 35

Sections floating on water bath are picked up onto glass slides

Question 36

What does it mean for a tissue to be impregnated?

Answer 36

Complete removal of clearing reagents by replacing with paraffin wax/another embedding medium