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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > w4 > Flashcards

w4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the what stream

A

temporal/ ventral

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2
Q

what is the where stream

A

parietal/ dorsal

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3
Q

lesions in the what stream lead to

A

specific impairments in object recognition

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4
Q

lesions in the where stream lead to

A

deficits in spatial attention

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5
Q

what is simultanagnosia

A

unable to focus attention on more than one object at a time

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6
Q

what is Balint’s syndrome

A

damage to parietal cortex leading to simultanagnosia and problems combining features of a stimulus

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7
Q

what has been found about the parietal cortex and feature binding

A

during conjunction search, posterior temporal cortex and parietal cortex show increased activation over baseline control conditions

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8
Q

what does TMS to parietal lobe disrupt

A

conjunction search, but not feature search

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9
Q

what is hemispatial neglect

A

lack of awareness of stimuli presented to the side of space on the opposite side to the brain damage

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10
Q

what is extinction

A

Patients detect a single stimulus presented to one visual field, but fail to detect the same stimulus when another stimulus is simultaneously presented to the other field

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11
Q

how much processing happens with objects in hemispatial neglect

A

a lot of basic perceptual processing happens to things in the neglected field

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12
Q

there is a priming effect with objects in the neglected field- what does this mean

A

An object presented to the neglected field can change the patient’s behaviour, so the object has been semantically processed

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13
Q

where would a lesion underly neglect

A

Right inferior parietal lobe

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14
Q

what are neglect and extinction deficits of

A

deficits of attention not
perception

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15
Q

what is neglect due to impairment of

A

the stimulus-driven system

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16
Q

what system is intact for neglect patients

A

endogenous orienting system

17
Q

when are neglect patients most impaired

A

when trying to disengage attention from intact side

18
Q

neglect/extinction has most prevalence after

A

right brain damage

19
Q

which type of attention has evidence suggested has disproportionately more problems

A

exogenous attention

20
Q

what is ADHD characterised by

A

hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention beginning in childhood

21
Q

ADHD is 3x more common in

A

boys

22
Q

prevalence of ADHD in adulthood

A

2.5%

23
Q

symptoms of predominantly inattentive ADHD

A

Difficulty in finishing a task, following instructions; easily distracted

24
Q

symptoms of predominantly hyperactive ADHD

A

Difficulty in sitting still for long periods; fidgeting; speaks or acts at inappropriate times

25
Q

most common ADHD subtype

A

Combined inattentive and hyperactive

26
Q

what iOS the heritability of ADHD

A

parents/siblings of a child with ADHD 5x more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

27
Q

which factors make ADHD more likely

A
  • Pre-natal exposure to alcohol and nicotine
  • Premature birth and low birth weight
  • Perinatal brain injury
  • Environmental toxins e.g. lead, pesticides
28
Q

there is a 3% reduction in volume of which area in ADHD patients

A

overall cortical and especially prefrontal

29
Q

where is there reduced grey matter in ADHD patients

A

fronto-parietal attention network

30
Q

where do ADHD patients have reduced cortical connectivity

A

between hemispheres
and within fronto-parietal attention networks

31
Q

where do ADHD patients have hyperactivity

A

prefrontal cortex, especially dACC

32
Q

molecular differences in ADHD patients

A

Imbalance in dopamine and noradrenaline circuits

33
Q

what does reduced volume, activity, and connectivity in brain regions in ADHD patients lead to

A

the endogenous attention system and executive functions

34
Q

which drugs are commonly prescribed for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (e.g. Ritalin) and Dextroamphetamine (e.g. Attentin)

35
Q

how do medications work to treat ADHD

A

by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine (NOR) and dopamine
(DOP) and facilitating their release, enhancing availability in prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia

36
Q
A

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (9 decks)

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