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Locomotor > W28/L5 > Flashcards

W28/L5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the bone-forming cells?

A

Osteoblasts

Blasts: they build bone

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2
Q

What’s the most common calcium phosphate used in building bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

What are the collagen-producing cells of the cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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4
Q

Which are the bone-resorbing cells?

A

Osteoclasts

Clasts: they chew up the bone

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of osteoclasts?

A

Large, mobile & multinucleate

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6
Q

What is PTH?

A

Parathyroid hormone

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7
Q

PTH is secreted in response to:

A

Decreased plasma Ca2+

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8
Q

What effect does PTH have in the bone?

A

Bone resorption by osteoclasts (indirect)

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9
Q

What effect does PTH have on the kidney?

A

Increase calcium reabsorption in the distal nephron

Decreased phosphate reabsorption

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10
Q

What effect does PTH have on the intestine?

A

Indirectly increases calcium & phosphate absorption vis Vit D activation

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11
Q

T/F: Osteoclasts have PTH receptors that make them start chewing up the bone.

A

False!

They don’t have any PTH receptors, so the activity is regulated by PTH-induced paracrines

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12
Q

From where is calcitonin released?

A

C cells of the thyroid

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13
Q

Calcitonin is secreted in response to ____ calcium

A

V. high

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14
Q

What is active Vit D3 aka?

A

Calcitriol

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15
Q

What things stimulate calcitriol release?

A

Drop in calcium
PTH (stimulates synthesis)
Prolactin in lactating women

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16
Q

What does bone demineralisation in children cause?

A

Rickets

17
Q

What does bone demineralisation in adults cause?

A

Osteomalacia

18
Q

How many parathyroid glands do we have?

A

4

19
Q

What are the paracrines that signal foe osteoclast activation?

A

OPG

RANK-L

20
Q

Why does PTH have opposite effects on Ca2+ and PO4 reabsorption in the kidney?

A

The combined concentrations of them has to be kept low to prevent precipitation of them into kidney stones

Locomotor (25 decks)

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