W27/L3 Flashcards
What’s the major acute complication of T1DM?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What’s the major acute complication of T2DM?
Hyperosmolar coma
What are the 3 categories of complications of chronic hyperglycaemia?
Macrovascular
Microvascular
Cellular
What are the macrovascular effects of hyperglycaemia?
Accelerated atheroma development
Stenosis, thrombosis, embolism, thromboembolism
What contributes to the macrovascular complications in diabetics?
Increased hepatic production of atherogenic lipoproteins
Suppression of lipid uptake by peripheral tissues
Increased procoagulant activity of endotheium
How is flow through a tube related to its radius?
r^4
What are the microvascular effects of hyperglycaemia?
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Delayed wound healing
What is the name for the initial, labile bonds between glucose and proteins?
Schiff bases
What is the name for the later, stable bonds between glucose and proteins?
Advanced glycation end products
What do we often see in histology of diabetic nephropathy?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Glomerular BM thickening
What causes the hyaline ateriolosclerosis?
Thickening of the media by proteins, especially glycosylated proteins
What is a Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule?
A ball of collagen in the mesangium of diabetic kidneys
