W20 Alkenes and Alkynes

Question 1

What is Markovnikov’s Rule?

Answer 1

Hydrogen is added to C that already has the most no. of Hydrogens

Question 2

What is the Electronic structure and acidity of Alkynes?

Answer 2

Triple bond: one sigma-bond (1 x sp – sp) and two pi-bonds (4 spare p orbitals)

Very strong bases (i.e.sodium amide, NaNH2) deprotonate terminal acetylenes to form carbanions called acetylide ions (or alkynide ions) resulting in an alcohol
They react in any SN2 reaction

Question 3

Alcohols

Answer 3

Organic compounds containing hydroxy (-OH) groups
Polar
Can form hydrogen bonds so are soluble in water
Molecules with alcohol groups can H-bond to proteins

Question 4

Organometallic compounds
What 2 reagents are used?

Answer 4

=Covalent bonds between carbon atoms and metal
atoms

Grignard Reagents and Organolithium Reagents
- strong nucleophiles/strong bases