W2: S5 - The Mandible, Teeth and TMJ

Question 1

Answer 1

1. Coronoid process
2. Alveolar process
3. Mental protuberance
4. Mental foramen (inf. alveolar nerve)
5. Angle
6. Body
7. Ramus
8. Mandibular notch
9. Head (condyle)

Question 2

What are the anatomical changes of the edentulous mandible??

Answer 2

• Lack of mandibular height
• No teeth
• Posterior mandible wider

Question 3

What are the names of adult and baby teeth?

Answer 3

Baby teeth = deciduous

Adult teeth = permanent

Question 4

How many baby teeth do we have?

Answer 4

Incisors = 8

Canines = 4

Molars = 8

Question 5

How many permanent teeth do we have?

Answer 5

Incisor = 8

Canines = 4

Premolars = 8

Molars = 12

Question 6

What type of joint is the temperomandibular joint (TMJ)?

Answer 6

Synovial hinge

Question 7

What are the 2 articular processes of the TMJ?

Answer 7

Condyle of mandible

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Question 8

What are the 5 movements that occur at the TMJ?

Answer 8

Elevation

Depression

Protrusion

Retraction

Side to side movements

Question 9

What nerve innervates the sensation of the TMJ?

Answer 9

V3

Question 10

What is the definition of “muscles of mastication”?

Answer 10

Muscles that act on the TMJ during chewing

Question 11

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 11

1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
3. Lateral pterygoid
4. Medial pterygoid

Question 12

What are the bony attachements of the temporalis?

Answer 12

Origin = fossa termporalis

Insertion = coronoid process

Question 13

Note: the posterior fibres of the temporalis are almost horizontal and the anterior ones are almost vertical i.e. this allows a wide range of movement

Question 14

What action do the anterior fibres of the temporalis have on the mandible?

Answer 14

Elevation

Question 15

What are the bony attachments of the masseter? And it’s actions?

Answer 15

Origin = zygomatic bone + arch

Insertion = outer surface of the ramus and the angle

Actions = elevation and protrusion

Question 16

What bone in the skull floor do the pterygoid muscles attach?

Answer 16

Sphenoid bone

Question 17

What part of the sphenoid bone do the pterygoid muscles attach?

Answer 17

Lateral pterygoid plate

Question 18

Identify the lateral pterygoid plate

Answer 18

13

Question 19

What part of the pterygoid plate does the lateral pterygoid attach to?

Answer 19

Lateral part

Question 20

What part of the pterygoid plate does the medial pterygoid attach to?

Answer 20

Medial part

Question 21

Where does the lateral pterygoid attach to on the mandible?

Answer 21

• Enters the TMJ joint capsule
• Attaches to the neck of the mandible

Question 22

What part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid attach to?

Answer 22

Medial surface of angle and ramus

Question 23

How does the mandible move when both lateral pterygoids contract?

Answer 23

Protraction

Question 24

How does the mandible move when the medial and lateral pterygoid on one side contract?

Answer 24

Side to side movements

Question 25

How does the mandible move when both medial pterygoid muscles contract?

Answer 25

Elevation

Question 26

Which of the suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible?

Answer 26

• Mylohyoid
• Anterior digastric
• Geniohyoid

Question 27

What muscles elevate the mandible?

Answer 27

• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Medial pterygoid

Question 28

What muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?

Answer 28

Masseter

Question 29

What muscles cause retraction of the mandible?

Answer 29

Lateral pterygoid

Question 30

What muscles cause side to side movement of the mandible?

Answer 30

Both pterygoids contracting at once

Question 31

What structure do the motor fibres of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve enter to supply the muscles of mastication?

Answer 31

Infratemporal fossa

Question 32

What division of V3 provides sensory innervation to the mandible?

Answer 32

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 33

What is the path of the inferior alveolar nerve?

Answer 33

• Into the mandibular foramen