W2: Basis of pharmacokinetics

Question 1

For a drug to have an effect, it must enter _________ and be distributed to _______.

Answer 1

must enter the blood circulation and distributed to the site of action

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics is all about ______, _______ and _______. On the other hand, pharmacodynamics is all about ________ and ______.

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics = dosage, exposure and distribution ( movement of drug)

Pharmacodynamics = effects and toxicity

Question 3

In pharmacodynamics, we consider the genetic factors, drug _________, drug ________, tachyphylaxis and desensitization.

Answer 3

drug interaction and drug receptor status

Question 4

EASY ONE. Name the four steps of pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 5

How many kinds of drug administration sites are there and what are they?

Answer 5

3 kinds, enteral (oral), parenteral (injection) and topical (skin)

Question 6

How many kinds of drug elimination sites are there and what are they?

Answer 6

3 kinds, urine, bile and feces.

Question 7

The process of ADME will simply induce a therapeutic effect without altering drug concentration. True or False?

Answer 7

FALSE. Drug concentration will be changed as the body processed it through tissues and fluids.

Question 8

In vivo animal model is studied in preclinical pharmacokinetics or clinical pharmacokinetics?

Answer 8

Preclinical so that the data can help to extrapolate physiologically based pharmacokinetics in humans at clinical stage.

Question 9

The clinical pharmacokinetics involves ________.

Answer 9

Humans. Can be volunteer or patients.

Question 10

_______ are generally taken to analyse pharmacokinetics data such as ______ , ________ etc.

Answer 10

Blood samples are taken to be analyzed. Data such as area under the curve, drug distribution ratio, C max , Tmax etc.

Question 11

Pharmacokinetics modelling is also known as ________. This is a mathematical principle to illustrate how drugs distributes.

Answer 11

Compartmental analysis, where the body is separated into compartments. Similar tissues are grouped to one compartment.

Question 12

What are the two compartments for compartment modelling?

Answer 12

Central compartment and peripheral compartment.

Question 13

What does central compartment contain?

Answer 13

Highly perfused organs such as liver, lungs, kidney, blood included too.
They all got similar drug distribution pattern that’s why they group together lorh.

Question 14

What does peripheral compartment contain?

Answer 14

Less perfused tissues (low blood flow), such as fat tissues, muscle tissues and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

It is best to use the complicated model to accurately predict changes in drug concentration over time. True or False?

Answer 15

FALSE. It is best to use the simplest model lah. Don’t complicate life.

Question 16

One compartment model means all body tissues and fluid are in this compartment. This model assumes that _______.

Answer 16

Assumes that the drug administered will travel and distribute instantaneously and evenly to all body areas.

Question 17

The two compartment model represents the transfer of drug from central to and fro the peripheral. Got bidirectional flow = got rate constant.
What are the rate constants?

Answer 17

K = elimination rate constant of drug from central compartment out of body

K12 = elimination rate constant of drug from central to peripheral.

K21 = elimination rate constant of drug from peripheral to central

Question 18

In a three compartment model, what does the central compartment represent?

Answer 18

BLOOD

Question 19

What are the three compartments for three compartment model?

Answer 19

high perfused to Central, and to scarcely perfuse