W06 Nutrition Exam Flashcards
Name the three electrolytes if they are negative or positive charged
Sodium (positive), Potassium (positive), and Chloride (negative)
What populations can have water intoxication more?
Athletes, Endurance athletes, or college fraternity at times
What is another name for water intoxication?
Hyponatremia
What is another word for swelling in the body?
edema
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a semi permeable membrane. (fresh water on left, salt water on the right, the concentration of the solutes in the liquid)
What is fluid balance?
The solutes on the outside and inside of the blood cells
define a hypotonic solution
when a blood cell becomes swollen and can burst because water is going in but not coming out
define a hypertonic solution
when the water leaves the blood cell and it shrivels and dies
How much cups are equal to 1 liter
4.22 cups
List foods high in water content
Watermelon, spinach, salmon, yogurt
Which populations are most prone to dehydration?
children, infants, athletes, and elderly
What are symptoms of basic dehydration?
headache, low blood pressure, thirst, irritability, the color of urine
What are symptoms of severe dehydration?
head exhaustion, rapid heart beat, the color of urine
which areas of the body measure blood pressure?
kidneys, blood vessels, and brains
What are antidiuretic hormones?
antidiuretic hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland. the pituitary gland tells the kidneys to conserve water
What is angiotensin?
its produced in the liver and released in the blood. tells the hypothalamus to release ADH to increase thirst and reserve sodium
What is aldosterone?
it was produced in the adrenal cortex and tells the kidneys to reserve sodium and fluid retention to protect the water we have
What are the four functions of water?
transport through blood, nutrients in blood, and waste products. temperature by the release of heat through sweat, and evaporation, chemical reactions by bringing enzymes and compounds together and lubrication which brings mucus, movement to bones, and cell shape and function
How do we lose water?
From sweat, waste, exercise, and urine. It is usually lost through the kidneys from urine and also through our skin, respiration.
Which diet can help with blood pressure and lowers sodium?
Dash Diet
What is a normal blood pressure?
120/80 or less
What is elevated blood pressure?
120-129/less than 80
What is high blood pressure? (stage 1)
130-139/80-89