exam 5 & 6

Question 1

what is Intersectionality

Answer 1

a simultaneous look at various forms of oppression. It’s looking at an overall picture. (ie : gender, culture, religion, etc.) You are looking at multiple facets of oppression.

Question 2

Who is Dr. Kimberly Crenshaw and what did she do?

Answer 2

worked in battred womens sheltere adn she feltthat undersatnidng black and latinx women, you have to look at how race, class, and gender create their reality. We can then better determine welfare policy according to her?

Question 3

How much time do people use the media?

Answer 3

2015, watched an average of 2.8 hours per day. 2016 it was 10 hours (including smart phones). 2020, it was on average 144 minutes on social media every day. (2 hours just for social media)

Question 4

talk about the media’s portrayal of blacks

Answer 4

Prior to the civil rights era, blacks were stereotypically portrayed as maids, con artists, and dead beats. When the cosby show came out in the 1980s, black people became more relatable. It broke the norm. but it also didn’t reduce stereotypes. Instead it reinforced the idea of enlightened racism.

Question 5

What is enlightened racism?

Answer 5

The United States is a land of opportunity and african americans could do better if they only worked harder. It was this idea that, “if they just tried hard enough”. It didn’t pay attention to any challenges.

Question 6

The media portrays black and white athletes differently. True or False

Answer 6

True. Including the phillips case

Question 7

There are usually which 3 categories for black women?

Answer 7

Athletic, Mammy, Jezebel, or Sapphire

Question 8

Both blacks and whites are overrepresented on tv shows. True or False

Answer 8

True. It means there are more whites and blacks then their portrait of the population.

Question 9

Which two are portrayed in the media most for latinx men?

Answer 9

They are often portrayed as a criminal or a law enforcement officer.

Question 10

Latinos are the most unrepresented. True or False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Latina women are often represented in the media as what?

Answer 11

suffering senorita (physical harm, etc.), the vamp (uses devious ways to get what she wants), the cantina girl (sex object).

Question 12

Arabs are often portrayed as what ?

Answer 12

Foreign. terrorists after 9/11 or billionaries or both

Question 13

Asian american are often portrayed as what?

Answer 13

Foreign, sinister, hyper-sexual, dragon ladies, crafty,

Question 14

What were asian women portrayed as ?

Answer 14

Butterfly or the dragon lady

Question 15

How are Native Americans depicted?

Answer 15

Savage and uneducated mountain man or a wise man or medicine man.

Question 16

Video games have influenced media in stereotypes. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What percent of children play games?

Answer 17

91%

Question 18

What is colorism?

Answer 18

the idea that within races, lighter is better. Colorism gives differential value to people in the same racial group based on a continuam from light to dark. It can include eye color, facial features, hair, etc.

Question 19

What is skin color stratification?

Answer 19

Income and status are distribution unequally by skin color. Generally lighter skin people have higher incomes and more education or own homes, etc.

Question 20

What is pigmentracy ?

Answer 20

a society in which blacks, asians, and latinos have different social statuses according to their skin color

Question 21

Who believed that the United States was a pigmentacracy ?

Answer 21

David Dietrech

Question 22

Skin color stratification was prevalant during the era of slavery. True or False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Who were the freed-man?

Answer 23

Blacks with lighter skin and were considered part of the elite eventually. They were more likely to be free and able to be successful in society.

Question 24

Men preferred to marry light skinned women? True or False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is Global color heirachy ?

Answer 25

a social construct that places people of certain skin colors in positions of power and privilege over others

Question 26

What is skin whitening?

Answer 26

A cream or method using bleach to lighten one’s skin. Light skin is seen as more privileged. Skin bleached products are still used today.

Question 27

Where the beauty ad that drew backlash about skin whitening creams?

Answer 27

Thai people

Question 28

Most of the cultures don’t want to be white but they want to be a lighter version of their ethnic group. True or False

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the beauty queue? and which 3 things were found

Answer 29

beauty, intelligence, and high class, sexism and racism interact to create an order of women and who gets more. Acting roles, singing, etc., better jobs, intelligence, social class.

Question 30

Who did the study for the beauty queue?

Answer 30

rondella and spickard who interviewed asian americans.

Question 31

What is erotic capital?

Answer 31

a concept linking attractiveness of women to skin color

Question 32

Melville Herskovits conducted a study of blacks in Harlem in the 1920s, he found that the black elite was disproportionately what?

Answer 32

Light skinned

Question 33

What study conducted focus groups with fifty-eight African American women in which she probed them about skin-color labels and their meanings and found that a wide variety of labels are used to describe light-skinned Black people, quite a few are used to describe darker-skinned Black people, and just four are used to describe those of medium skin tone.

Answer 33

A study by Jeffri Anne Wilder (2010)

Question 34

What names were used for light skin vs dark skin?

Answer 34

Terms for light skin included “house nigga” and “pretty skin,” while those for dark skin included “jigaboo” and “tar baby.” The association of lightness with “pretty skin” indicates that many African Americans view light skin to be more beautiful than dark skin

Question 35

Edward Telles and Liza Steele (2012) conducted a study of 40,000 people across 23 Latin American countries. They found that lighter-skinned people had more years of education than darker-skinned people all but four countries. Which one of the following is NOT included in the four?

Answer 35

Brazil

Question 36

2. In their interviews with 99 Asian Americans about skin-color preferences, they found that the interviewees said light-skinned women were:

Answer 36

lazy, partygoers, or unhappy

Question 37

In Indo-Trinidadian society, Aisha Khan found that the ultimate desire is to become light, but not white, as whiteness signifies:

Answer 37

cultural loss

Question 38

In 2008, Joni Hersch studied which population to find evidence of colorism?

Answer 38

immigrants

Question 39

In Indonesia, which of the following transnational corporations is NOT a main seller of skin whiteners?

Answer 39

johnson & Johnson

Question 40

the prevalance of colorism has led to

Answer 40

skin color stratification

Question 41

what percentage of jamaicans as black?

Answer 41

90%

Question 42

In 2014, less than ___% of television executive producers and ____% of writers were of color.

Answer 42

6 and 14%

Question 43

In a study of American entertainment, only ____ % of all speaking roles were people of color, yet people of color make up ____% of the U.S. population?

Answer 43

28.3, 37.9%

Question 44

A 2019 study examined the top grossing films each year from 2007 to 2018. How many of the 1,200 films featured a lead or co-lead who was Latina?

Answer 44

17

Question 45

In a 2018 study of 2500 college students, researchers found that ____ of Black Students and ____ of Asian students reported experiencing a microaggression.

Answer 45

90 and 80%

Question 46

Whites account for ___% of all directors and an astounding ___% of all television network and studio heads?

Answer 46

81, 96%

Question 47

A tv show that supported enlightened racism was

Answer 47

The Cosby Show

Question 48

A study of the top 100 grossing films each year between 2007 and 2018 found that quarter of all Latinx characters, with speaking roles, were _______.

Answer 48

law breakers

Question 49

What international event entrenched Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs or Muslim Americans as terrorists?

Answer 49

September 11th

Question 50

Asian women are typically portrayed as

Answer 50

The dragon lady or the butterfly

Question 51

In video games, Latinos are overrepresented in _____ games and Asians are almost exclusively portrayed in _______ games?

Answer 51

sports or fighting

Question 52

In video games, Latinos are overrepresented in _____ games and Asians are almost exclusively portrayed in _______ games?

Answer 52

implicit racism

Question 53

________ and ________argue that only through an understanding of racial oppression can we grasp the true nature of racial meanings.

Answer 53

Feagon & Elias

Question 54

3. An analysis of youth gangs in Oakland, California would likely be enriched by:

Answer 54

An intersectionality perspective