exam 5 & 6 Flashcards
what is Intersectionality
a simultaneous look at various forms of oppression. It’s looking at an overall picture. (ie : gender, culture, religion, etc.) You are looking at multiple facets of oppression.
Who is Dr. Kimberly Crenshaw and what did she do?
worked in battred womens sheltere adn she feltthat undersatnidng black and latinx women, you have to look at how race, class, and gender create their reality. We can then better determine welfare policy according to her?
How much time do people use the media?
2015, watched an average of 2.8 hours per day. 2016 it was 10 hours (including smart phones). 2020, it was on average 144 minutes on social media every day. (2 hours just for social media)
talk about the media’s portrayal of blacks
Prior to the civil rights era, blacks were stereotypically portrayed as maids, con artists, and dead beats. When the cosby show came out in the 1980s, black people became more relatable. It broke the norm. but it also didn’t reduce stereotypes. Instead it reinforced the idea of enlightened racism.
What is enlightened racism?
The United States is a land of opportunity and african americans could do better if they only worked harder. It was this idea that, “if they just tried hard enough”. It didn’t pay attention to any challenges.
The media portrays black and white athletes differently. True or False
True. Including the phillips case
There are usually which 3 categories for black women?
Athletic, Mammy, Jezebel, or Sapphire
Both blacks and whites are overrepresented on tv shows. True or False
True. It means there are more whites and blacks then their portrait of the population.
Which two are portrayed in the media most for latinx men?
They are often portrayed as a criminal or a law enforcement officer.
Latinos are the most unrepresented. True or False
True
Latina women are often represented in the media as what?
suffering senorita (physical harm, etc.), the vamp (uses devious ways to get what she wants), the cantina girl (sex object).
Arabs are often portrayed as what ?
Foreign. terrorists after 9/11 or billionaries or both
Asian american are often portrayed as what?
Foreign, sinister, hyper-sexual, dragon ladies, crafty,
What were asian women portrayed as ?
Butterfly or the dragon lady
How are Native Americans depicted?
Savage and uneducated mountain man or a wise man or medicine man.
Video games have influenced media in stereotypes. True or False
True
What percent of children play games?
91%
What is colorism?
the idea that within races, lighter is better. Colorism gives differential value to people in the same racial group based on a continuam from light to dark. It can include eye color, facial features, hair, etc.
What is skin color stratification?
Income and status are distribution unequally by skin color. Generally lighter skin people have higher incomes and more education or own homes, etc.
What is pigmentracy ?
a society in which blacks, asians, and latinos have different social statuses according to their skin color
Who believed that the United States was a pigmentacracy ?
David Dietrech
Skin color stratification was prevalant during the era of slavery. True or False
True
Who were the freed-man?
Blacks with lighter skin and were considered part of the elite eventually. They were more likely to be free and able to be successful in society.
Men preferred to marry light skinned women? True or False
True
What is Global color heirachy ?
a social construct that places people of certain skin colors in positions of power and privilege over others
What is skin whitening?
A cream or method using bleach to lighten one’s skin. Light skin is seen as more privileged. Skin bleached products are still used today.
Where the beauty ad that drew backlash about skin whitening creams?
Thai people
Most of the cultures don’t want to be white but they want to be a lighter version of their ethnic group. True or False
True
What is the beauty queue? and which 3 things were found
beauty, intelligence, and high class, sexism and racism interact to create an order of women and who gets more. Acting roles, singing, etc., better jobs, intelligence, social class.
Who did the study for the beauty queue?
rondella and spickard who interviewed asian americans.
What is erotic capital?
a concept linking attractiveness of women to skin color
Melville Herskovits conducted a study of blacks in Harlem in the 1920s, he found that the black elite was disproportionately what?
Light skinned
What study conducted focus groups with fifty-eight African American women in which she probed them about skin-color labels and their meanings and found that a wide variety of labels are used to describe light-skinned Black people, quite a few are used to describe darker-skinned Black people, and just four are used to describe those of medium skin tone.
A study by Jeffri Anne Wilder (2010)
What names were used for light skin vs dark skin?
Terms for light skin included “house nigga” and “pretty skin,” while those for dark skin included “jigaboo” and “tar baby.” The association of lightness with “pretty skin” indicates that many African Americans view light skin to be more beautiful than dark skin
Edward Telles and Liza Steele (2012) conducted a study of 40,000 people across 23 Latin American countries. They found that lighter-skinned people had more years of education than darker-skinned people all but four countries. Which one of the following is NOT included in the four?
Brazil
- In their interviews with 99 Asian Americans about skin-color preferences, they found that the interviewees said light-skinned women were:
lazy, partygoers, or unhappy
In Indo-Trinidadian society, Aisha Khan found that the ultimate desire is to become light, but not white, as whiteness signifies:
cultural loss
In 2008, Joni Hersch studied which population to find evidence of colorism?
immigrants
In Indonesia, which of the following transnational corporations is NOT a main seller of skin whiteners?
johnson & Johnson
the prevalance of colorism has led to
skin color stratification
what percentage of jamaicans as black?
90%
In 2014, less than ___% of television executive producers and ____% of writers were of color.
6 and 14%
In a study of American entertainment, only ____ % of all speaking roles were people of color, yet people of color make up ____% of the U.S. population?
28.3, 37.9%
A 2019 study examined the top grossing films each year from 2007 to 2018. How many of the 1,200 films featured a lead or co-lead who was Latina?
17
In a 2018 study of 2500 college students, researchers found that ____ of Black Students and ____ of Asian students reported experiencing a microaggression.
90 and 80%
Whites account for ___% of all directors and an astounding ___% of all television network and studio heads?
81, 96%
A tv show that supported enlightened racism was
The Cosby Show
A study of the top 100 grossing films each year between 2007 and 2018 found that quarter of all Latinx characters, with speaking roles, were _______.
law breakers
What international event entrenched Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs or Muslim Americans as terrorists?
September 11th
Asian women are typically portrayed as
The dragon lady or the butterfly
In video games, Latinos are overrepresented in _____ games and Asians are almost exclusively portrayed in _______ games?
sports or fighting
In video games, Latinos are overrepresented in _____ games and Asians are almost exclusively portrayed in _______ games?
implicit racism
________ and ________argue that only through an understanding of racial oppression can we grasp the true nature of racial meanings.
Feagon & Elias
- An analysis of youth gangs in Oakland, California would likely be enriched by:
An intersectionality perspective
