Exam 6 Flashcards
Who was W.E.B. Dubois?
a black sociologist and said that prisons were “slavery in private hands”.
Crime rates have been increasing. True or False.
False. No, crime rates have not been increasing.
describe pre 1980 with prison sentencing and minimum sentencing.
prison was seen as a last resort. 1970, Congress eliminated all minimum sentences for drugs. They felt it was a health concern.
describe 1980 prison sentencing and minimum sentencing
Government changed pushing for harsher sentences and mandatory drug sentencing. It was not because of a rise in crime.
The US has more people in prison than any other country in the world. True or False.
True
A typical mandatory drug sentence in the US is how long?
5-10 years
In most other developed countries besides the US, how long is a typical mandatory drug sentence?
6 months, and often go to rehab instead of jail
Over the course of a black mans life, he is more likely to go to prison than to do what?
get a bachelors degree or join the military
1 in how many Americans are in prison at this time?
1 in 37
What was the 1984 Crime Control Act?
It represented the first comprehensive revision of the U.S. criminal code since the early 1900s. The Act established a federal sentencing commission and eliminated parole for the federal prison system.Made several new offenses federal crimes, including arson, murder-for-hire, trademark violations, credit card fraud, and computer crime.
What was the anti-drug abuse act of 1986?
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 provided for increased penalties for violations of the Controlled Substances Act (91 PL 513), raised authorization ceilings for spending on drug enforcement by $1.7 billion and instituted mandatory minimum sentences for some drug users (Teasley 2001).
What was the anti-drug abuse act of 1988?
This Federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 intends to prevent the manufacturing, distribution, and use of illegal drugs.
Why are some reasons that blacks arrestd more than whites?
People have finite resources and they have targeted open air drug markets in poor black neighborhoods because its easier to see/access, There is also less political power for black neighborhoods,
Have long prison sentences helped in reducing recidivism?
No it has seemed to be impact anything positively.
Blacks receive the death penalty more than whites. True or false
True.
Black people are how many times more likely to be sentenced to death in a criminal case?
3 x more likely
What can your renter/hoa/housing manager allow or deny your applicased based off
Criminal record
What are collateral consequences from prison time?
Minor children, housing, Jim Crow laws, label of felon,
What was involuntary experimentations of African Americans?
Dr. Hamilton and Dr Sims did experimental procedures on slaves that were inhumane
What happened at the medical college in Georgia?
They removed, examined, and experimented on 10,000 bodies of African Americans and didn’t rebury them
What was the Tuskeeque Syphilis experiment?
It was
What is the Nuremberg code?
in 1953, research subjects have to be informed that partiicpation is voluntary as well as the nature, research, length, and scope etc. of the study.
Health disparities are clearly linked to socioeconomic status. True or False
True
African Americans experience the same gains as whites in an increase of socioeconomic status. True or False.
False, they do not. They still see disparities.
One health disparity is birth weight by race. Which ethnicity is most likely to have low birth weight to blacks? Why is that.
Blacks. Factors include mothers education level, prenatal care, use of nicotine/alcohol during pregnancy, and from racism on health.
What is racial residential segregation?
Where different ethnicities experience segregation in communities which affects the resources, unhealthy environments, and more.
David William and Shitata Collins said they believe it’s racial residential segregation is the primary cause for what
black and white health disparities.
What can cause stress and that is another theory for why black women have higher health problems?
Racial discrimination
Immigrants typically have better health outcomes compared to those born outside of the United States. True or False. Why?
True. Some believe it’s because of an ethnic enclave. Mexican immigrants in particular are most likely to live in ethnic immigrants. It’s a shelter from discrimination.
People of color are more likely to be exposed to hazardous situations in their environment. True or False.
True.
What is the hispanic paradox?
Even though they have other clear disparities, they have similar health outcomes because of the ethnic enclaves.
a lack of plumbing can also be a concern for health. How many households don’t have plumbing?
700,000 households (1.7 million people)
The waste output in China is the highest in the world. True or False.
False. It’s the United States
A lot of the US dumps their toxic waste where?
Africa and the Ocean
T or F : White people are more likely to suffer from Asthma than black people
false. Black people are more likely.
Black people have what percentage higher for an adjusted death than white people for all causes.
17%
how much more likely are black children to have lead poisoning than white children.
5 times more likely
Efforts to ensure the right to live in nontoxic neighborhoods, regardless of race is called:
environmental racism
Dorceta Taylor fought for early environmental justice activism. Name a few examples.
black people fight for lead screening, native Americans fight for fishing rights, and filipinos fight against the use of pesticides in agriculture.
There is a misconception that African Americans are not interested in health, eating, and exercise. Do you believe this is true?
No I believe the environment makes it difficult to do those things and that can be discouraging.
A study regarding health and food, in New York compared East Harlem, which is _____ white and the Upper East Side, which is ______ white.
6 and 84%
Although African Americans have higher levels of physical elements, they have lower levels of what?
Mental Illness
A framework used to explain the increasing divergence between black and white health outcomes that focuses on how constant exposure to stress accelerates health decline for blacks is called:
the weathering hypothesis.
What does Cecilia Menjivar call women’s encounters with poverty, isolation, interpersonal violence, patriarchy, and lack of access to healthcare?
structural violence
People of color and poor people are more likely to live close to DDT factories
False.
Which country eventually accepted the Kian Sea, a ship filled with 15,000 tons of ash that came from Philadelphia?
Haiti
Why did the city officials in Flint not add an anticorrosive element to the water that would have made it safer
It would cost $100 per day
What is the name of the legal scholar who has made mass incarceration the civil rights issue of the twenty-first century?
Michelle Alexander
The incarceration rate has leveled off in recent years, largely because:
states don’t have the funds to incarcerate more people
What do prison abolitionist believe?
Prisons must be eliminated along with the conditions that send people to prison, including racism, poverty, and root causes of violence. correct
In the United States, Black men are sent to prison on drug charges at _____ times the rate of white men.
13 x
What hashtag developed in response to women’s experiences being left out of the discussion on police brutality?
SayHerName
Racial disparities and incarceration rates are a classic example of _______racism.
institutional
What are the economic policies of the former U.S. President Ronald Reagan called?
Reagonomics
A label for the ideology that open markets, liberalized trade, and privatization are the keys to economic success is:
Neoliberalism
The vast network of prisons, jails, courts, police officers, and other elements that purport to reduce the amount of criminal activity in our society is called.
private industry complex
During the Reagan era, when every other state was increased spending on incarceration, these two states did not:
New Hampshire and Massachusetts
Which constitutional amendment allows for convict leasing, a legal form of slavery?
13th
