Exam 9 & 10 Flashcards
After 1973, journalist David Cay Johnston describes how the U.S. economy “began a long and painful slide backwards.” He lists three causes,
the rise of global competition, the decline of american manufacturing, and the growing income inequality
In the U.S. the vast majority’s average income rose above the 1973 level only 4 times.
The high level of inequality in the US is problematic because:
related to the high rates of mental illness, to high rates of homicide and violent crime. and to inequality is related to high rates of low birth weight. incorrect
Women earn, on average, _______ an hour for each dollar a man earns.
.82
What was a reason for the earnings gap between black and white women between 1980 and 2002?
They were not equally represented in the job sectors with the most earnings growth
. In studying whether Asian American men experience labor market discrimination, Kim and Sakamoto found native-born Asian American men have an 8% earnings disadvantage when you consider the following EXCEPT:
their marriage status
Studies of earnings gap consistently show that about ______ to ______ of this gap cannot be explained by human capital.
10-20%
A survey conducted in 2001 found that more than _____ percent of blacks believed they had experienced labor market discrimination.
33%
Implicit bias
What piece of legislation first used the term, affirmative action?
1935 National Labor Relations Act
None
After fifty years of affirmative action, African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans, there is no longer discrimination True or False:
False, continue to experience labor market discrimination
An economy in which a business’ success is both shaped and limited by the racial group membership of the business owner is called a
racial enclave economy
In 2010, 13.5 percent of white men were self-employed. Which of the following groups did better than white men?
Israelis
None
One reason that it is difficult, or even impossible, to simply legislate away discrimination is:
Employers may be discriminating unconsciously.
What is an example of a race-neutral program that may help reduce racial disparities?
Training programs to get people up to speed and to work in emerging fields. correct
Gaps in labor market and small-businesses are structured by all of the following EXCEPT:
lack of business training
What is the ginicoeffient?
a measure of inequality with 0 being perfect equality and 100 being perfect inequality.
Today the United States is one of the most unequal countries in the western hemisphere. True or False.
True
Where does the US fall in the gini-coefficent?
48 (Norway is 23 for example). Compared with similar nations, the US is the most unequal and has the largest gap with the richest and poorest 10%
In any recent year, more than __________ American children lived in a home without enough food for everyone at all times.
1 in 5
What was the slogan of the “Occupy Wall Street” movement referring to income disparities?
We are the 99%
Who makes the most money over their lifetime with a college education?
White men
Four groups had higher earnings than White men.
Asian men, asian women, some in speciifc high demand jobs with high paying status, and professional groups such as doctors
From highest to lowest, which groups graduated from high school and immediately enrolled in college?
Asians, latinos, whites
Human capital work experience is less for black women than white and hispanic women. True or False
True
What does it mean to have unreasoned judgmental inclinations that operate without our conscious awareness?
Implicit bias
Are there great differences between asian Americans?
for example Indians, mong, etc. have very different salaries. Polenians make more than white women but if you look at the average, there is still disparity.
White men have higher earnings than asian men. True or False.
False. Asian American men make more but there is still some prejudice noticed.
Earnings equality is compounded by unemployment rates. Earnings data does include joblessness or underemployment. True or False.
False. Earnings data is not included
What is unemployment?
a person is not earning an income. They dont have a job and have looked in the last month.
Underemployment means?
Jobless workers that are working part time but able to work full time, or those actively seeking employment, and those who have looked for work in the last year.
