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B3 ME3032 ANATOMY > W01: Reproductive Anatomy - Pelvis & Perineum > Flashcards

W01: Reproductive Anatomy - Pelvis & Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Major Landmarks of the Bony Pelvis

A
  • Sacrum (posterior)
  • ASIS
  • Ischial Tuberosities (sitting down)
  • Ischial Spines
  • Obturator Foramen: occluded by muscle
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2
Q

What joint type is the sacroiliac joint?

A

synovial diarthroid
* synovial plane: non axial

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3
Q

What joint type is the pubic symphysis?

A

secondary cartilaginous joint

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4
Q

Bones of the pelvis

A

ILIUM

PUBIS (anterior)

ISCHIUM (inferior)

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5
Q

What organs are associated with the iliac fossae?

A

Caecum, appendix (RIGHT)

Sigmoid colon (LEFT)

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6
Q

Arcuate Line

A

Divides false pelvis and the true pelvis

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7
Q

Differences between male and female pelvis

A

Male = Narrower pelvis
Female = Wider

Male = Narrow sub-pubic angle very acute but very wide and obtuse in females

Inlets:
* Male = heart shaped
* Female = oval rounded

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8
Q

Pelvicc Walls and roof

A
  1. OBTURATOR INTERNUS: lateral wall, true pelvis, obturator foramen = obturator canal
  2. PIRIFORMIS: posteiror superior wall; from the middle sacrum, passes out of the greater sciatic foramen

= both exit to join hip joint and become lateral rotators

  1. COCCYGEUS: posterior-inferior of the pelvic floor
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9
Q

What muscle ligament exits the lesser scitatic foramen?

A

The obturator internus’ ligament

exits out of the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen

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10
Q

Pelvic Floor

A

LEVATOR ANI:
1. PUBOCOCCYGEUS

  1. ILIOCOCCYGEUS
  2. PUBORECTALIS

+ Arcuate Tendon

+ Perineal body
+ Anococcygeal body

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11
Q

Significance of the puborectalis muscle

A

Wraps around the pernieal flexure of the rectum and vital in faecal continence

= creates a kink in the tract and relaxes/ flexes

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12
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet

A

antero-posteiror diameter

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13
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic outlet?

A

transverse intraspinous diameter

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14
Q

Muscles of the pelvicwall cavity

A

OBTURATOR FASCIA: antero-lateral; look for obturator canal

piriformis: posterior wall of pelcis

coccygeus

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15
Q

Pelvic Floor

A

POST
- coccygeus
- iliococcygeus
- pubococcygeus
- puborectalis
ANT

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16
Q

Two functions of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  • support abdominopelvic viscera
  • resistance to increased intrapelvic pressure
  • continence
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17
Q

What is a cystocele

A

Weakening of tissue of bladder and vaginal wall => collapse into cagina

18
Q

Rectocele

A

Prolapse where supportive wall between rectum and vaginal wall

19
Q

At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery divide into internal and external?

A

L5-S1

20
Q

Obturator Art.

A

travels along obturator canal w/ obturator vein and nerve

  • supplies the adductor region
  • origin: internal iliac
21
Q

Umbilliac Art.

A

=> superior vesical artery

  • supplies the superior urinary bladder
22
Q

Inferior Vescical Art

A

supplies lower bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle

23
Q

Uterine Art

A

travels within cardinal ligament (lateral cervical ligament)

  • crosses ureters during course
24
Q

Middle Rectal Art

A

supplies the distal rectum

25
Q

Internal Pudendal Art

A

Mainly supplies the perineum

26
Q

Inferior Gluteal Art.

A

Terminal branch of the internal iliac artery

27
Q

Significance of the Gonadal Arteries

A

RESPECTIVELY, THE OVARIAN AND TESTICULAR ARTERIES supply ovaries and testicles and arise from the ABDOMINAL AORTA just inferior to insertion of renal arteries into the kidneys

  • testicular artery travels via inguinal canal via deep inguinal ring
28
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation?

A

superior rectal vein => inferior mesenteric vein

29
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the systemic circulation?

A

Inferior and middle veins

30
Q

Significance of the communications of the prostatic venous plexus?

A

Communicates with vertebral venous plexus thus significant for mets spread

31
Q

ilioinguinal nerve

A

originates L1

superficial inguinal ring

=> skin root penus, labia

32
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A

L1-2

deep inguinal ring

> scrotal skin, cromaster muscle

33
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

arises form sacral plexus (S2-S4)

  • follows pudendal artery
  • pudendal canal (also known as Alcock’s canal – a structure formed by the fascia of the obturator internus muscle)

> skin and muscles of perineum
Motor – innervates various pelvic muscles, the external urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter.

34
Q

divisions of the pudendal nerve

A

giving off the inferior rectal nerve, then the perineal nerve, before continuing as the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris.

35
Q

Perineal Nerve

A

(pudendal)

innervates bulbospongious, ischiocavernous, levator ani,

innervates the external urethral sphincter

Therefore, the pudendal nerve provides the voluntary/somatic control of faecal and urinary continence.

36
Q

Sensory innervation of external genitalia

A

Inferior rectal nerve – the perianal skin ,lower third of the anal canal.

Perineal nerve – the skin of the perineum, labia minora and majora or posterior scrotum.

Dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris – the skin of the penis or clitoris. Thus, responsible for the afferent component of penile and clitoral erection.

37
Q

Bony landmark significant for pudendal nerve block

A

ischial spine

38
Q

autonomic nerve supply of pelvis

A

pelvic plexus

sympathetic = L1, L2 = hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of symp. trunk

parasymp = pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 - S4)
erectile tissues

39
Q

What is damaged in rectal surgeyr resulting in dysfunctional ejaculation in men?

A

Autonomic sympathetic nervous system (hypogastirc nerve)

40
Q

Lymphatic drainage of pelvis

A

EXT. ILIAC LN =
> ANTEROSUPERIOR PELVIC

INTERNAL ILIAC LN
> gluteal region, deep perineum, inferior pelvic viscera

SACRAL LN
> postero. viscera

LUMBAR LN
> drainage from three main groups

B3 ME3032 ANATOMY (8 decks)

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