W & L pgs 87 - 155 Board Review Quiz- Missed Questions

Question 1

A subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient is a:

a. sign
b. symptom
c. syndrome
d. screening

Answer 1

b. symptom

A symptom is a “subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by a patient.”

A sign is an objective finding by the examiner. A syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms arising from a common cause.

Question 2

In the TNM staging system, what does the “T” indicate?

a. Metastases
b. Nodal status
c. Primary tumor
d. Grade of the tumor

Answer 2

c. Primary tumor

Question 3

Vital signs include all except which of the following?

a. Temperature
b. Pulse
c. Oxygen analysis
d. Blood pressure

Answer 3

c. Oxygen analysis

Question 4

The diastolic norm would be within a range of which of the following?

a. 40 to 50 mm Hg
b. 60 to 80 mm Hg
c. 110 to 140 mm Hg
d. 140 to 160 mm Hg

Answer 4

b. 60 to 80 mm Hg

Question 5

Which of the following factors would be observed when assessing respiration?
I. Rate
II. Rhythm
III. Character
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III

Answer 5

d. I, II, and III

Question 6

Which of the following indicates a hematocrit value within normal limits for a healthy 40-year-old woman?

a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%

Answer 6

c. 40%

Question 7

Which of the following describes the predominant x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range?

a. Compton scatter
b. Photoelectric absorption
c. Coherent scatter
d. None of the above

Answer 7

a. Compton scatter

Compton scatter, or the Compton effect, is the predominant x-ray interaction in the diagnostic energy range.

Question 8

Which technical factor has the most effect on radiographic density?

a. mAs
b. kVp
c. Distance
d. All of the above

Answer 8

d. All of the above

Although mAs is typically modulated to change radiographic density, several factors have an equal or greater effect on density. kVp, distance, and other factors can have a tremendous effect on the image density.

Question 9

Which of the following may be used to reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the image receptor?

a. Collimation
b. Grids
c. Filtration
d. All of the above
e. Both a and b

Answer 9

e. Both a and b

Two significant means of reducing the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the film are: (1) collimation and (2) grid use. Collimation limits scatter production by minimizing the exposed tissue. Radiographic grids prevent scatter from reaching the film by absorbing the scatter in lead strips.

Question 10

Three-dimensional imaging using voxels is present in ____________.

a. MRI
b. CT
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above

Answer 10

c. both of the above

A voxel, used in MRI and CT scanning, is a volume element, meaning the voxel represents an entire volume of tissue, not just the surface of a two-dimensional slice

Question 11

The emission of liberated electrons is the primary purpose of which of the following?

a. Anode
b. Cathode
c. Target
d. Generator

Answer 11

b. Cathode

It is the purpose of the tungsten cathode to generate the free electrons used in x-ray production.

Question 12

Which of the following is (are) true of electron beams?

a. Require a flattening filter to make the electron beam profile symmetric and flat
b. Require a scattering foil to make the electron beam profile symmetric and flat
c. Interact with the transmission target before leaving the exit window
d. a, b, and c
e. b and c

Answer 12

b. Require a scattering foil to make the electron beam profile symmetric and flat

When using electron beams, the target is removed and a scattering foil must be used to broaden the pencil-like beam.

Question 13

The electron gun is similar to what part of an x-ray tube?

a. Anode
b. Rotating tungsten target
c. Cathode
d. Power supply

Answer 13

c. Cathode

An electron gun is similar to the filament on the cathode side of an x-ray tube.

Question 14

Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) can be accomplished with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
I. ultrasound units
II. computed tomography (CT) scanner
III. kV imager
IV. cone beam
V. simulator
a. I, III, and IV
b. II, III, and V
c. I, II, III, and IV
d. III, IV, and V

Answer 14

c. I, II, III, and IV

The rationale for IGRT is to image the patient prior to treatment, which can be accomplished with ultrasound, CT, kV imaging, and cone beam technology.

Question 15

A Van de Graaff machine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
I. is an electrostatic generator
II. operates at 2 MV
III. operates a 200 kV
IV. uses a doughnut-shaped accelerator structure
a. I and II
b. II and IV
c. III and IV
d. I and IV

Answer 15

a. I and II

R. J. Van de Graaff developed the first electrostatic linear accelerator that operated with an energy of 2 MV.

Question 16

Lipowitz metal is composed of which of the following?

a. Tin, bismuth, lead, and cadmium
b. Lead, tungsten, and tin
c. Tin, bismuth, tungsten, and lead
d. Bismuth, cadmium, and lead

Answer 16

a. Tin, bismuth, lead, and cadmium

Lipowitz metal, commonly called Cerrobend, is composed of 50% bismuth, 26.7% lead, 13.3% tin, and 10% cadmium.

Question 17

When using multileaf collimation, which concerns need to be evaluated?
a. Penumbra between the leaves and the transmission of the leaves
b. Movement of MLCs during the treatment give variations in dose that need to be
evaluated along with penumbra between the leaves
c. Movement of MLCs during treatment and interleaf transmission leakage
d. Penumbra at the end of the leaves and interleaf transmission leakage

Answer 17

a. Penumbra between the leaves and the transmission of the leaves

Penumbra at the end of the leaves and the interleaf transmission leakage must be measured by the physicist. Leakage may be on average of 2.5% and as high as 4%.

Question 18

Some of the more common medical accelerator hazards include which of the following?
I. Incorrect dose delivered
II. Dose delivered to wrong area
III. Machine collision
IV. Emergency off malfunction
a. I, II, and IV
b. II, III, and IV
c. I, III, and IV
d. I, II, and III

Answer 18

d. I, II, and III

The common medical accelerator hazards are incorrect dose delivered, dose to wrong area, and machine collisions. Double-checking patient information such as dose and area treated is a method to avoid these errors.