W/L (pgs. 1 – 86) Quiz 1 - Missed Questions Flashcards
Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany
a. 1600 BC Egypt
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
Which of the following factors does not affect the incidence of tumor sites?
a. Informational
b. Environmental
c. Technological
d. Geographic
a. Informational
Tumor site incidence is affected by environmental factors such as sun exposure. It is also affected by technological factors such as the advent of more precise imaging modalities. Additionally, tumor site incidence is affected by geographic factors, as exemplified by gastrointestinal cancers in Japan.
Which of the following routes of administration is used when treating bladder cancer with chemotherapy?
a. Oral
b. Intra-arterial
c. Intracavitary
d. Intrathecal
c. Intracavitary
As described in the text, bladder cancer may be treated by instilling the chemotherapy agent directly into the bladder via a catheter. This process is known as intracavitary chemotherapy.
Which of the following are not cell cycles specific? I. Alkylating agents II. Antimetabolites III. Antibiotics IV. Hormonal agents V. Nitrosoureas VI. Vinca alkaloids a. I and II b. I and III c. I, III, and V d. II, IV, and VI e. II, III, and VI
c. I, III, and V
Alkylating agents are not cell cycle specific. Neither are anticancer antibiotics (although they are more effective during certain phases) nor nitrosoureas. W/L pg. 12
In which classification are the chemotherapy agent’s lipids soluble and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier?
a. Alkylating agents
b. Antimetabolites
c. Antibiotics
d. Hormonal agents
e. Nitrosoureas
f. Vinca alkaloids
e. Nitrosoureas
Nitrosoureas are the only classification of chemotherapy agents that are both lipid soluble and capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier.
Which of the following is a radiosensitizing chemotherapy agent?
a. Cyclophosphamide
b. 5-Fluorouracil
c. Doxorubicin
d. Cisplatin
c. Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin, also known as Adriamycin, acts a radiosensitizer. Cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin are not known to enhance the effects of radiation.
Which of the following acts as a radioprotector?
a. Amifostine
b. Actinomycin D
c. Adriamycin
d. Etoposide
a. Amifostine
Amifostine acts to protect normal tissue against the effects of radiation and is, therefore, considered a radioprotector. Adriamycin is a radiosensitizer. Actinomycin and etoposide are not known to be radioprotectors. PG. 14
Randomized studies are, by definition, which phase?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
c. III
Phase III studies are used to compare an experimental treatment to a standard treatment using a randomized sample. pg. 16
Which staff member is most responsible for designing the patient’s treatment plan?
a. Medical physicist
b. Radiation oncologist
c. Dosimetrist
d. Radiation therapist
c. Dosimetrist
Utilitarianism is an example of which broad group of ethical theories?
a. Teleology
b. Deontology
c. Virtue ethics
a. Teleology
What occurs when the obvious solution to a problem is prohibited by institutional constraints?
a. Ethical dilemma
b. Ethical dilemma of justice
c. Ethical distress
d. Locus of authority
c. Ethical distress
Ethical distress occurs when a problem has an obvious solution, but institutional constraints prohibit the application of the solution. pg. 26-27
Allocation of scarce resources is an example of which ethical category?
a. Ethical dilemma
b. Ethical dilemma of justice
c. Ethical distress
d. Locus of authority
b. Ethical dilemma of justice
Ethical dilemmas of justice are problems associated with the distribution of benefits and burdens, such as the allocation of scarce resources. pg. 27
Who is most closely associated with clarification of values?
a. Immanuel Kant
b. Louis Rath
c. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
d. John Mill
b. Louis Rath
In 1966, Louis Rath developed a values clarification exercise. The exercise contained a series of questions that helped the participants describe their values.
Which two ethical principles may clash when dealing with consent? I. Beneficence II. Nonmaleficence III. Autonomy IV. Confidentiality a. I and III b. I and IV c. II and III d. II and IV
a. I and III
The patient may choose (autonomy) a course of action that is considered suboptimal and, therefore, contrary to the caregiver’s obligation to do good (beneficence).
Which of the following is not a recognized exception to patient confidentiality?
a. Genetic disease
b. Abuse
c. Communicable disease
d. Automobile accident
a. Genetic disease
Abuse, communicable disease, and automobile accidents are all acceptable exceptions to patient confidentiality. Genetic disease is not.
Which law is best described as personal injury law?
a. Civil law
b. Criminal law
c. Constitutional law
d. Tort law
d. Tort law
A tort is considered a wrongful act against a person or a person’s property. Tort law is also known as personal injury law.
Which doctrine contends that individuals are responsible for their own negligent conduct?
a. Doctrine of foreseeability
b. Doctrine of personal liability
c. Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur
d. Doctrine of respondeat superior
b. Doctrine of personal liability
Risk management programs may include all except which of the following?
a. Malpractice insurance
b. Employee safety
c. Security
d. Fire safety
a. Malpractice insurance
the purpose of the staging system for cancer is which of the following?
a. To evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor
b. To estimate the prognosis of the patient
c. To evaluate the degrees of malignancy
d. To estimate the geographical extent of disease
d. To estimate the geographical extent of disease
Tumor stage is a description of the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis.
Which of the following would likely be a stage I tumor?
a. T1 N0 M0
b. T2 N1 M0
c. T3 N2 M0
d. T3 N1 M1
a. T1 N0 M0
The cancer of chimney sweeps identified by Percival Pott in mid-eighteenth-century England was related to which of the following chemicals?
a. Hydrocarbons
b. Asbestos
c. Arsenic
d. Nitrosamines
a. Hydrocarbons
What does the term interphasedeath mean?
a. The cell dies prior to entering interphase.
b. The cell dies prior to leaving interphase.
c. The cell dies between mitotic phases.
d. The entire organism dies.
b. The cell dies prior to leaving interphase.
Also known as nonmitotic or nondivision death, interphase death occurs when an irradiated cell fails to enter mitosis and dies during the G1, S, or G2 phase. pg. 64
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Thymine
d. Uracil
a. Adenine
Adenine is a purine. pg. 60
To produce the same biological effects seen after a single dose of 5,000 cGy, the total dose of a fractionated dose would be _________.
a. less
b. greater
c. equivalent
b. greater
the tolerance dose TD 50/5 for the lens of the eye is __________ to/than the TD 5/5 for the lens of the eye
a. less
b. greater
c. equivalent
b. greater
The TD 50/5 for the optic nerve is approximately _____ Gy.
a. 25
b. 35
c. 50
d. 65
d. 65
Which of the following cell types are likely to express radiation injury shortly after a D0 dose of radiation is received? (Select two.)
a. VIM
b. DIM
c. RPM
d. FPM
a. VIM
b. DIM
Vegetative intermitotic (VIM) and differentiating intermitotic (DIM) cells are the most and second most radiosensitive types of cells, respectively, and are likely to express radiation injury. pg. 68-69
