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Board Review > Mosby Ch. 4- Radiation Biology > Flashcards

Mosby Ch. 4- Radiation Biology Flashcards

1
Q

the phase most sensitive to radiation is the ____ phase

A

M

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2
Q

the phase resistant is the ____ phase

A

S

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3
Q

changes seen within days or weeks may also be called ___________ or _________ effects

A

deterministic or nonstochastic

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4
Q

changes seen after months or years of exposure may be called _______ effects

A

stochastic

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5
Q

Onset dose for erythema to skin

A

20 Gy

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6
Q

Onset dose for dry desquation to skin

A

30 Gy

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7
Q

Onset dose for wet desquation to skin

A

40 Gy

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8
Q

Onset dose for mild, patchy mucositis

A

30 Gy

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9
Q

Onset dose for confluent mucositis

A

40 Gy

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10
Q

Onset dose for esophagitis

A

25 Gy

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11
Q

Onset dose for xerostomia

A

20 Gy

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12
Q

Onset dose for proctitis (inflammation of the lining of the rectum)

A

30 Gy

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13
Q

Onset dose for decreased sperm

A

0.25 Gy

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14
Q

Onset dose for lowered blood count

A

4 Gy

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15
Q

Onset dose for extensive hypoplasia

A

50 Gy

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16
Q

Onset dose for gastritis

A

20 Gy

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17
Q

what do prodromal symptoms include?

A

nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, hypotension (low blood pressure), and diarrhea.

18
Q

what are the four R’s of radiobiology?

A

repair, reoxygenation, repopulation, and redistribution or reassortment

19
Q

the immediate symptoms that appear after an acute radiation exposure are called:

a. latent symptoms
b. proportional symptoms
c. chronic symptoms
d. prodromal symptoms

A

d. prodromal symptoms

20
Q

radiation interacts with tissue (uniformly/randomly)?

A

randomly

21
Q

the fraction of cells actually progressing through cycles of division is known as the (growth/surviving) fraction.

A

growth

during division, a portion of the cells are dividing causing growth of the tumor and another portion is dormant. the portion of cells dividing is known as the growth fraction

22
Q

the period over which radiation is delivered is referred to as the (protraction/fractionation).

A

protraction

23
Q

epilation may initially be observed in patients receiving radiation under standard fractionation schemes at an approximate dose of:

a. 30 Gy
b. 50 Gy
c. 15 Gy
d. 5 Gy

A

c. 15 Gy

24
Q

in linear or nonlinear threshold dose-response curves, the following is true of the response:

a. response will occur at all doses
b. response may not occur at low doses
c. response will never be realized
d. response is proportional to dose

A

b. response may not occur at low doses

threshold dose-response curves indicate that there is no overt response by exposed tissue below certain doses

25
Q

the most radiosensitive tissue group among the following is the:

a. CNS
b. alimentary tract
c. muscle
d. cardiovascular system

A

b. alimentary tract

compared to the others, the epithelial cells in the alimentary tract have a longer mitotic future and divide more often that mature central nervous and connective tissues found in muscle and cardiovascular systems

26
Q

the whole body syndrome most likely to be observed following a single dose of 1-10 Gy is the:

a. lethal dose syndrome
b. CNS syndrome
c. hematopoietic syndrome
d. gastrointestinal syndrome

A

c. hematopoietic syndrome

27
Q

the central nervous system syndrome may be observed in those exposed to single whole body dose of:

a. 300 cGy
b. 5000 cGy
c. 500 Gy
d. 10 Gy

A

b. 5000 cGy

28
Q

normal tissue healing following radiation occurs by:

a. regeneration
b. repair
c. revitalization
d. a and b

A

d. a and b

29
Q

irradiation of the salivary glands may lead to permanent xerostomia above doses of ____ using typical 2 Gy per treatment, 5 treatments per week fractionation scheme.

a. 10 Gy
b. 20 Gy
c. 30 Gy
d. 40 Gy

A

d. 40 Gy

30
Q

the TD 5/5 for the colon is (higher, lower) than the TD 50/5.

A

lower

31
Q

regarding non-stochastic effects:

  1. the effects are never in the one exposed
  2. the effects are never seen in future generations
  3. the probability of occurring is related to dose
  4. the severity of effects is related to dose
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 2, 4
    e. 1, 2, 3, 4
A

d. 2, 4

non-stochastic is deterministic and manifest early in the individual exposed. the effects increase in severity as dose increases

32
Q

the part of the cell between the membrane and the nucleus is known as the:

a. plasma membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. cytoplasmic membrane
d. golgi apparatus

A

b. cytoplasm

the cell has an outer membrane and central nucleus. the section between the two is the cytoplasm

33
Q

the occupational dose limit for deterministic effects to the lens of the eye is lower than the limit for the skin because:

a. the lens has a greater sensitivity to radiation than the skin
b. the skin has a greater sensitivity to radiation than the lens
c. the lens is easier to protect from radiation than the skin
d. the skin cells are more differentiated than the lens cells

A

a. the lens has a greater sensitivity to radiation than the skin

34
Q

a grade 3 morbidity score for the colon would indicate:

a. diarrhea requiring parental support
b. ulceration or perforation
c. obstruction
d. change in frequency or bowel habits

A

a. diarrhea requiring parental support

35
Q

the onset dose for wet desquamation during stand fractionation is:

a. 15 Gy
b. 20 Gy
c. 30 Gy
d. 40 Gy

A

d. 40 Gy

36
Q

somatic effects are:

a. the effects limited to the exposed individual
b. the effects manifested in subsequent generations
c. the effects seen after large doses only
d. the effects seen after small doses only

A

a. the effects limited to the exposed individual

37
Q

conventional fractionation was based on experiments performed to:

a. induce tumors in mice
b. eradicate tumors in mice
c. sterilize rams
d. produce skin reactions in rams

A

c. sterilize rams

38
Q

the standard proposed units for “rets” in Ellis’ formula held the value of:

a. 1800
b. 4500
c. 1600
d. 1000

A

a. 1800

39
Q

at doses above ____ Gy, you may see latent stricture in the esophagus during standard fractionation.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 40
d. 60

A

d. 60

40
Q

a cell survival curve:

a. usually has a shoulder and straight portion
b. cannot be drawn for human cells
c. cannot show the effects of dose rate
d. usually shows the fraction of surviving cells on a linear scale

A

a. usually has a shoulder and straight portion

41
Q

which dose effect curve implies that if radiation dose is doubled, the biologic effect will be doubled?

a. sigmoidal
b. linear quadratic
c. quadratic
d. linear

A

d. linear

a linear curve will show the changes in factors proportional

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