Vulval Cancer Flashcards
Define vulval cancer
Vulval cancer refers to a malignant growth that primarily affects the skin of the vulva. can be host to various types of skin cancers, although squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent.
Describe aetiology of vulval cancer
Most common is SCC but can also be BCC or melanoma. The exact cause of vulval cancer is unknown, but risk factors include increasing age, exposure to the human papillomavirus (HPV), and conditions that cause chronic inflammation of the vulva.
What are signs and symptoms of vulval cancer?
A lump, which may be associated with lymphadenopathy
Itching or discomfort in the vulval area
A non-healing ulcer
Vulval pain
Changes in the skin of the vulva, such as thickening or changes in color
Bleeding or discharge not related to the menstrual cycle
What are differentials of vulval cancer?
Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia: This precancerous condition can cause itching, burning, skin changes, and discomfort.
Lichen sclerosus: This condition can cause itching, pain, and white patches on the vulva.
Bartholin’s cyst: This may present as a lump or swelling on the vulva, and can cause discomfort or pain.
What are investigations for vulval cancer?
initial investigation of suspected vulval cancer includes a thorough examination of the vulva. If there is a suspect lesion, a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis. Additional tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, may be performed to assess the extent of the disease and to aid in staging.
How is vulval cancer managed?
The primary treatment for vulval cancer is surgery. This can range from a radical or wide local excision in simple cases, to a radical vulvectomy for multi-focal disease.
Reconstructive surgery may be performed to maintain the structure of the vulva.
In cases of advanced vulval cancer, radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, is now being used as an adjunct to surgery.
