Bartholin's Glands Flashcards
When does a Bartholin’s gland cyst occur?
This occurs when the duct from the gland becomes blocked, resulting in palpable swelling and pain at the site of the Bartholin’s gland.
When does a Bartholin’s gland abscess occur?
This occurs when a cyst becomes infected, resulting in extreme pain, lymphadenopathy, erythema, and in rare cases, systemic upset.
Who is it most common in?
Young women aged 20-30
What can cause Bartholin’s gland duct blockage?
thick mucus, inflammation, trauma, or in rare cases, malignancy
What are signs and symptoms of cyst vs. abscess?
Bartholin’s gland cyst: Palpable swelling and pain at the site of the Bartholin’s gland.
Bartholin’s gland abscess: Extreme pain, lymphadenopathy, erythema, and in rare cases, systemic upset such as fever and malaise.
What are 3 differentials and why?
Vaginal cysts: Typically asymptomatic but can cause discomfort during sex or when sitting.
Skene’s duct cysts: Located on either side of the urethra, can cause discomfort during sex or urination.
Vulvar cancer: Can present with a vulvar lump, itching, pain, or abnormal bleeding.
How is it investigated?
Physical examination: To assess the size, location, and nature (cystic or solid) of the swelling.
Ultrasound: To confirm the diagnosis and rule out other potential causes of vulvar swelling.
Biopsy: In postmenopausal women or in cases where malignancy is suspected.
Culture: In cases of abscess to identify the causative organism.
How is an abscess managed?
Incision and drainage: Under local anaesthetic, the swollen gland is incised and allowed to drain. A Word catheter may also be inserted to promote continued drainage.
Antibiotics: Used in cases of abscess to treat the underlying infection.
Warm salt water baths: To relieve pain.
Surgery: May be required in recurrent cases or if malignancy is suspected.
